关于在南非 COVID-19 大流行封锁期间对针对妇女的暴力行为进行远程定性研究的过程、挑战和经验教训的思考。
Reflections on the process, challenges, and lessons learned conducting remote qualitative research on Violence against women during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in South Africa.
机构信息
South African Medical Research Council, Gender and Health Research Unit, Pretoria, South Africa.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2024 Jan 2;24(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17480-z.
BACKGROUND
Violence against women (VAW) research is a sensitive topic, which has been conducted mainly using face-to-face methods. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and restrictions on movement presented an opportunity to conduct VAW research using remote methods. We discuss how we adapted methods, reflect on lessons learned, and make recommendations highlighting key considerations when conducting remote research on a sensitive topic of VAW.
METHODS
We designed and conducted an exploratory qualitative study using remote methods with 18 men and 19 women, aged 18 years and older, who lived with their partner or spouse during lockdown in South Africa. The aim of the study was to explore experiences of COVID-19 lockdown, and its link to women and children's experiences of violence in the homes. Data presented in this paper draws from researchers' reflections drawn from debriefing sessions during the research process, and from participants' interview transcripts.
FINDINGS
Remote recruitment of participants took longer than anticipated, and we had to re-advertise the study. We could not ensure safety and privacy during interviews. Regardless of all the safety and privacy measures we put in place during the research process, some participants had an adult person present in the room during interviews, and the researchers had no control over interruptions. Rapport was difficult to establish without an in-person connection, which limited disclosure about violence experience (amongst women) and perpetration (amongst men).
CONCLUSIONS
Given the methodological and ethical challenges which limited disclosure of VAW remotely, we conclude that telephone interviews used in our study impacted on the quality of study data. Therefore, we do not recommend VAW research to be conducted remotely, unless it is essential and participants are already known to the interviewer and trust has been established.
背景
针对女性暴力（VAW）的研究是一个敏感的话题，主要采用面对面的方法进行。COVID-19 大流行封锁和行动限制为使用远程方法进行 VAW 研究提供了机会。我们讨论了如何调整方法，反思经验教训，并提出建议，强调在对 VAW 这一敏感话题进行远程研究时需要考虑的关键问题。
方法
我们设计并开展了一项探索性的定性研究，使用远程方法，对 18 名男性和 19 名年龄在 18 岁及以上的、在南非封锁期间与伴侣或配偶同住的男性和女性进行了研究。该研究的目的是探索 COVID-19 封锁期间的经历，以及其与家庭中妇女和儿童遭受暴力的经历之间的联系。本文所呈现的数据来自研究过程中的研究人员反思以及参与者访谈记录。
发现
远程招募参与者的时间比预期的要长，我们不得不重新发布研究信息。我们无法在访谈过程中确保安全和隐私。尽管我们在研究过程中采取了所有安全和隐私措施，但一些参与者在访谈时有一个成年人在场，研究人员无法控制中断。由于没有面对面的联系，很难建立融洽关系，这限制了对暴力经历（女性）和暴力行为（男性）的披露。
结论
鉴于远程研究中存在限制暴力披露的方法学和伦理挑战，我们得出结论，电话访谈在我们的研究中影响了研究数据的质量。因此，除非必要且访谈者已经熟悉参与者并且已经建立了信任，否则我们不建议进行远程 VAW 研究。
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