State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Foshan Woman and Children Hospital, Foshan, China.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2024 Mar;44(2):292-300. doi: 10.1111/opo.13266. Epub 2024 Jan 2.
This study aimed to profile ocular biometry parameters and predictors of spherical equivalent refraction (SER) among children with moderate to high hyperopia.
Individuals <18 years of age with moderate to high hyperopia were enrolled from November 2015 to November 2021. Participants underwent a series of comprehensive ocular examinations, and were classified as having low hyperopia, that is, SER +0.5 to < +2.0 D or moderate to high hyperopia, that is, SER ≥ +2.0 D.
A total of 459 and 230 eyes with moderate to high hyperopia and low hyperopia, respectively, were included. Moderate to high hyperopic eyes had a shorter axial length, stronger lens power (24.78 ± 5.47 D vs. 18.74 ± 1.63 D, p < 0.001) and weaker corneal power (42.82 ± 1.75 D vs. 43.31 ± 1.55 D, p < 0.001) than low hyperopic eyes. When comparing values before and after 5 years of age, both lens power and axial length differed significantly in the moderate to high hyperopia group, whereas in the low hyperopia group, they only differed significantly after 9 years of age. Lens power was negatively associated with AL in eyes with axial lengths between 20 and 22 mm. A multiple linear regression model which included axial length (standardised β = -0.80, p < 0.001), corneal power (standardised β = -0.47, p < 0.001) and lens power (standardised β = 0.23, p < 0.001) explained 81.2% of the variance in SER.
Differences in lens power and axial length in moderate to high hyperopic eyes became significantly smaller after 5 years of age, at least 4 years earlier than for the low hyperopia. Lens power could offset the axial elongation in participants with axial lengths between 20 and 22 mm, suggesting that children with moderate to high hyperopia might have different ocular growth patterns. Axial length, corneal power and lens power were the main predictors of SER in moderate to high hyperopia.
本研究旨在分析中高度远视儿童的眼球生物测量参数和球镜等效屈光度（SER）的预测因素。
2015 年 11 月至 2021 年 11 月期间，招募了年龄小于 18 岁的中高度远视患者。参与者接受了一系列全面的眼部检查，并分为低度远视（即 SER+0.5 至<+2.0 D）和中高度远视（即 SER≥+2.0 D）。
共纳入 459 只中高度远视眼和 230 只低度远视眼。中高度远视眼中的眼轴较短，晶状体屈光力较强（24.78±5.47 D 与 18.74±1.63 D，p<0.001），角膜屈光力较弱（42.82±1.75 D 与 43.31±1.55 D，p<0.001）。与低度远视眼相比，中高度远视眼在 5 岁以后的眼轴长度和晶状体屈光力差异有统计学意义，而在低度远视眼仅在 9 岁以后的眼轴长度和晶状体屈光力差异有统计学意义。在眼轴长度为 20 至 22 mm 的中高度远视眼中，晶状体屈光力与眼轴长度呈负相关。包括眼轴长度（标准化 β=-0.80，p<0.001）、角膜屈光力（标准化 β=-0.47，p<0.001）和晶状体屈光力（标准化 β=0.23，p<0.001）的多元线性回归模型可以解释 SER 81.2%的方差。
中高度远视眼中晶状体屈光力和眼轴长度的差异在 5 岁以后变得明显较小，至少比低度远视眼早 4 年。在眼轴长度为 20 至 22 mm 的参与者中，晶状体屈光力可以抵消眼轴的延长，这表明中高度远视儿童可能有不同的眼球生长模式。眼轴长度、角膜屈光力和晶状体屈光力是中高度远视的主要 SER 预测因素。
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