Jarčuška Benjamín, Gálffyová Monika, Schnürmacher Richard, Baláž Michal, Mišík Miloslav, Repel Matej, Fulín Miroslav, Kerestúr Dušan, Lackovičová Zuzana, Mojžiš Marian, Zámečník Matej, Kaňuch Peter, Krištín Anton
Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 01, Zvolen, Slovakia.
Gemer-Malohont Museum, Nám. M. Tompu 14/5, 979 01, Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Feb;351:119902. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119902. Epub 2024 Jan 2.
Solar photovoltaic power parks are a relatively new anthropogenic habitat that will become more widespread in the future. The greatest potential for solar photovoltaic power production is on arable land and grassland. Knowledge on the impacts of solar parks on biodiversity is scarce and spatially limited. We investigated the impact of ground-mounted solar parks on species richness, abundance, Shannon diversity and composition of bird communities in Slovakia (Central Europe), taking into account pre-construction land cover, elevation and landscape context. We recorded breeding, foraging or perching birds on 32 solar park plots and 32 adjacent control plots (two hectares each) during single breeding season. We found that solar parks supported higher total bird species richness and diversity, and richness and abundance of invertebrate-eaters, and that the abundance of ground-foragers was higher in solar parks developed on grassland than in grassland control plots. Ordination analysis showed that solar parks had a different composition of bird communities and thus increased overall species diversity and beta diversity in the agricultural landscapes studied. Plot type and landscape context accounted for most of the variation in bird community composition. Black redstart, European stonechat, white wagtail and Eurasian tree sparrow were identified as indicator species for solar parks. The observed pattern could be due to the higher structural diversity of solar parks. The solar parks studied were designed and managed exclusively for electricity production. It can therefore be assumed that solar parks designed and managed in synergy with a stronger focus on wildlife would have an even greater positive impact on bird diversity in an agricultural landscape.
太阳能光伏电站是一种相对较新的人为栖息地，未来将会更加普及。太阳能光伏发电的最大潜力在于耕地和草原。关于太阳能电站对生物多样性影响的知识稀缺且空间有限。我们研究了中欧斯洛伐克地面安装的太阳能电站对鸟类群落的物种丰富度、数量、香农多样性和组成的影响，同时考虑了建设前的土地覆盖、海拔和景观背景。在单个繁殖季节，我们在32个太阳能电站地块和32个相邻对照地块（每个两公顷）上记录了繁殖、觅食或栖息的鸟类。我们发现太阳能电站支持更高的鸟类总物种丰富度和多样性，以及食虫鸟类的丰富度和数量，并且在草原上开发的太阳能电站中地面觅食者的数量高于草原对照地块。排序分析表明，太阳能电站的鸟类群落组成不同，从而增加了所研究农业景观中的整体物种多样性和β多样性。地块类型和景观背景解释了鸟类群落组成的大部分变异。黑红尾鸲、欧洲石䳭、白鹡鸰和欧亚树麻雀被确定为太阳能电站的指示物种。观察到的模式可能是由于太阳能电站具有更高的结构多样性。所研究的太阳能电站仅为发电而设计和管理。因此可以假设，与更注重野生动物的方式协同设计和管理的太阳能电站，对农业景观中的鸟类多样性将产生更大的积极影响。
