Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.
Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1435:329-350. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_15.
Clostridioides difficile is ubiquitous and is found in humans, animals and in variety of environments. The substantial overlap of ribotypes between all three main reservoirs suggests the extensive transmissions. Here we give the overview of European studies investigating farm, companion and wild animals, food and environments including water, soil, sediment, wastewater treatment plants, biogas plants, air, and households. Studies in Europe are more numerous especially in last couple of years, but are still fragmented in terms of countries, animal species, or type of environment covered. Soil seem to be the habitat of divergent unusual lineages of C. difficile. But the most important aspect of animals and environment is their role in C. difficile transmissions and their potential as a source for human infection is discussed.
艰难梭菌无处不在，存在于人类、动物和各种环境中。所有三个主要宿主之间的核糖体型大量重叠表明存在广泛的传播。在这里，我们综述了欧洲研究农场、伴侣动物和野生动物、食物和环境（包括水、土壤、沉积物、废水处理厂、沼气厂、空气和家庭）的研究。欧洲的研究数量较多，特别是在过去几年，但在国家、动物物种或涵盖的环境类型方面仍存在分散。土壤似乎是艰难梭菌分歧异常谱系的栖息地。但动物和环境最重要的方面是它们在艰难梭菌传播中的作用及其作为人类感染源的潜力。
