Ahmad Naeem, Virk Ahmad Latif, Nizami Abdul-Sattar, Lal Rattan, Chang Scott X, Hafeez Muhammad Bilal, Guo Xingyu, Wang Rui, Wang Xiaoli, Iqbal Hafiz Muhammad Waleed, Albasher Gadah, Li Jun
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Feb;351:119888. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119888. Epub 2024 Jan 4.
Amid rising energy crises and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, designing energy efficient, GHG mitigation and profitable conservation farming strategies are pertinent for global food security. Therefore, we tested a hypothesis that no-till with residue retaining could improve energy productivity (EP) and energy use efficiency (EUE) while mitigating the carbon footprint (CF), water footprint (WF) and GHG emissions in rice-wheat double cropping system. We studied two tillage viz., conventional and conservation, with/without residue retaining, resulting as CT0 (puddled-transplanted rice, conventional wheat -residue), CTR (puddled-transplanted rice, conventional wheat + residue), NT0 (direct seeded rice, zero-till wheat -residue), and NTR (direct seeded rice, zero-till wheat + residue). The overall results showed that the NTR/NT0 had 34% less energy consumption and 1.2-time higher EP as compared to CTR/CT0. In addition, NTR increased 19.8% EUE than that of CT0. The grain yield ranged from 8.7 to 9.3 and 7.8-8.5 Mg ha under CT and NT system, respectively. In NTR, CF and WF were 56.6% and 17.9% lower than that of CT0, respectively. The net GHG emissions were the highest (7261.4 kg CO ha yr) under CT0 and lowest (4580.9 kg CO ha yr) under NTR. Notably, the carbon sequestration under NTR could mitigate half of the system's CO-eq emissions. The study results suggest that NTR could be a viable option to offset carbon emissions and water footprint by promoting soil organic carbon sequestration, and enhancing energy productivity and energy use efficiency in the South Asian Indo-Gangetic Plains.
在能源危机和温室气体（GHG）排放不断上升的背景下，设计节能、温室气体减排且有利可图的保护性耕作策略对全球粮食安全至关重要。因此，我们检验了一个假设，即稻麦两熟制系统中免耕留茬可以提高能源生产率（EP）和能源利用效率（EUE），同时减少碳足迹（CF）、水足迹（WF）和温室气体排放。我们研究了两种耕作方式，即传统耕作和保护性耕作，以及留茬与否，产生了CT0（移栽水稻、传统小麦 - 无残茬）、CTR（移栽水稻、传统小麦 + 残茬）、NT0（直播水稻、免耕小麦 - 无残茬）和NTR（直播水稻、免耕小麦 + 残茬）。总体结果表明，与CTR/CT0相比，NTR/NT0的能源消耗减少34%，EP提高1.2倍。此外，NTR的EUE比CT0提高了19.8%。在传统耕作和免耕系统下，粮食产量分别为8.7至9.3吨/公顷和7.8 - 8.5吨/公顷。在NTR中，CF和WF分别比CT0低56.6%和17.9%。净温室气体排放量在CT0下最高（7261.4千克二氧化碳/公顷·年），在NTR下最低（4580.9千克二氧化碳/公顷·年）。值得注意的是，NTR下的碳固存可以抵消该系统一半的二氧化碳当量排放。研究结果表明，在南亚印度 - 恒河平原，NTR通过促进土壤有机碳固存、提高能源生产率和能源利用效率，可能是抵消碳排放和水足迹的可行选择。
