2014 年至 2020 年青少年可燃烟草吸烟的种族和民族差异：非西班牙裔黑人群体的下降趋势滞后。
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Combustible Tobacco Smoking From 2014 to 2020: Declines Are Lagging Among Non-Hispanic Black Youth.
机构信息
Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, UTHealth University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA.
Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin Campus, Austin, TX, USA.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2024 Jun 21;26(7):940-947. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntae001.
INTRODUCTION
We quantified the linear trend in combustible tobacco smoking among adolescents in the United States from 2014 to 2020, and then compared these trends across racial and ethnic categories. We also tested the effect of e-cigarette use on these trends for all-youth and across racial and ethnic categories.
AIMS AND METHODS
We pooled and analyzed seven years of National Youth Tobacco Survey data for n = 124 151 middle and high school students from 2014 to 2020. Weighted logistic regression analyses calculated the annual change in combustible tobacco smoking (ie cigarettes, cigars, and hookah) from 2014 to 2020. Stratified analyses examined linear trends for non-Hispanic White (NHW), NH-Black (NHB), Hispanic/Latino, and NH-Other (NHO) youth. All-models controlled for sex, grade level, and past 30-day e-cigarette use.
RESULTS
Combustible tobacco smoking from 2014 to 2020 dropped by more than 50% for NHW youth, more than 40% for Latino and NHO youth, compared to just 16% among NHB youth. From 2014 to 2020, the odds of combustible tobacco smoking declined by 21.5% per year for NHWs, which was significantly greater than Hispanic/Latinos (17% per year; p = .025), NHOs (15.4% per year; p = .01), and NHBs (5.1% per year; p < .001), adjusting for sex, grade, and e-cigarette use. Trends and disparities in trends by race and ethnicity were observed independent of e-cigarette use.
CONCLUSIONS
Combustible tobacco smoking declined for all-youth but at significantly different rates across races and ethnicities. Notably, declines in combustible tobacco smoking are lagging among NHB youth. Interventions are critically needed to address this disparity.
IMPLICATIONS
A direct, evidence-based intervention to reduce combustible tobacco smoking among NHB youth is critically needed. Such tobacco control initiatives should follow the Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Framework, incorporating sustainable funding for school-based intervention, public health education, and adult cessation.
引言
我们量化了 2014 年至 2020 年美国青少年可燃烟草吸烟的线性趋势，并比较了不同种族和族裔类别的这些趋势。我们还测试了电子烟使用对所有青少年和不同种族和族裔类别的这些趋势的影响。
目的和方法
我们对 2014 年至 2020 年来自全国青少年烟草调查的 7 年数据进行了汇总和分析，共有 124151 名中学生和高中生。加权逻辑回归分析计算了 2014 年至 2020 年可燃烟草（即香烟、雪茄和水烟）吸烟的年度变化。分层分析检查了非西班牙裔白人（NHW）、非西班牙裔黑人（NHB）、西班牙裔/拉丁裔和 NH 其他（NHO）青少年的线性趋势。所有模型均控制了性别、年级和过去 30 天电子烟使用情况。
结果
与 NHB 青少年相比，2014 年至 2020 年，NHW 青少年的可燃烟草吸烟量下降了 50%以上，拉丁裔和 NHO 青少年的吸烟量下降了 40%以上，而 NHB 青少年的吸烟量仅下降了 16%。2014 年至 2020 年，NHW 青少年的可燃烟草吸烟量每年下降 21.5%，这明显大于西班牙裔/拉丁裔（每年 17%；p=0.025）、NHO（每年 15.4%；p=0.01）和 NHB（每年 5.1%；p<0.001），调整了性别、年级和电子烟使用情况。在考虑了电子烟使用情况后，种族和族裔之间的趋势和趋势差异仍然存在。
结论
所有青少年的可燃烟草吸烟量都有所下降，但不同种族和族裔的下降速度明显不同。值得注意的是，NHB 青少年的可燃烟草吸烟量下降滞后。迫切需要采取干预措施来解决这一差距。
意义
迫切需要针对 NHB 青少年制定直接、基于证据的减少可燃烟草吸烟干预措施。这种烟草控制倡议应遵循全面烟草控制最佳实践框架，为学校干预、公共卫生教育和成人戒烟提供可持续资金。
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