Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea.
Integr Zool. 2024 Jul;19(4):631-645. doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12798. Epub 2024 Jan 7.
The hibernation of amphibians can offer a unique window into overwintering adaptation processes and host-gut microbiota interactions through changes in metabolic availability and homeostasis. We attempted to identify differences in the physiology and gut microbiome during and after hibernation in Japanese wrinkled frogs (Glandirana rugosa), an aquatic overwintering amphibian. After hibernation, the high alpha and beta diversity of the gut bacterial community appears to reflect the more diverse and complex environmental conditions. During winter, Proteobacteria dominated the majority of the gut bacterial community, likely due to high oxygen saturation. After hibernation, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased, which are supportive of host metabolism by gut microbiota. Corticosterone also showed high values and variances after hibernation, presumably allowing the population to remain adaptable across a broad range of environmental gradients. Innate immunity was high after hibernation but exhibited low variation among populations, which supports the idea of a prioritized investment in immunity after hibernation. Blood biochemistry suggests that aquatic overwintering frogs have a mechanism to adapt through overhydration and regulate homeostasis through water excretion associated with the kidney and urine after hibernation. Frog populations exhibit variations and adaptability in gut microbiota and physiology during and after hibernation: Through this, they may demonstrate an adaptive response that regulates metabolic availability in preparation for unpredictable environmental changes. We also propose that the maintenance of Proteobacteria during hibernation can support the colonization of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes after hibernation, underscoring the need to study the complex effects of gut microbiota across multiple life stages.
两栖动物的冬眠为研究越冬适应过程和宿主-肠道微生物群相互作用提供了一个独特的窗口，因为这些过程会导致代谢可用性和体内平衡发生变化。我们试图确定在日本皱皮蛙（Glandirana rugosa）冬眠期间和冬眠后的生理和肠道微生物组的差异，日本皱皮蛙是一种水生越冬两栖动物。冬眠后，肠道细菌群落的高 alpha 和 beta 多样性似乎反映了更具多样性和复杂性的环境条件。在冬季，变形菌门在大多数肠道细菌群落中占主导地位，这可能是由于高氧饱和度所致。冬眠后，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门增加，这有利于肠道微生物群支持宿主代谢。皮质酮在冬眠后也表现出高值和高变异性，这可能使种群能够在广泛的环境梯度中保持适应性。冬眠后先天免疫水平较高，但种群间变异较小，这支持了冬眠后优先投资于免疫的观点。血液生化指标表明，水生越冬青蛙有一种通过过度水合适应的机制，并通过与肾脏相关的水排泄和尿液来调节体内平衡。青蛙种群在冬眠期间和冬眠后在肠道微生物组和生理方面表现出变化和适应性：通过这种方式，它们可能表现出一种适应性反应，调节代谢可用性，为不可预测的环境变化做好准备。我们还提出，在冬眠期间维持变形菌门可以为冬眠后厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的定植提供支持，这突显了需要研究肠道微生物群在多个生命阶段的复杂影响。
