A Comparison of Two Methods of Pre-operative Inspiratory Muscle Training on Post-operative Outcome Following Esophagectomy.

Esophageal carcinoma is a multifaceted and complex disease of rapidly rising incidence that exerts an increasing social and financial burden on global healthcare systems. Esophagectomy is associated with high rates of peri- and post-operative morbidity and mortality because of complex anatomy, frail health of patients, and late diagnosis of the disease. The most common complication seen is post-operative pulmonary complication (PPC). This study was planned to compare and analyze the outcome of two different protocols of preoperative IMT program on the rate of PPCs in patients undergoing esophagectomy. Twenty patients who underwent esophagectomy for carcinoma esophagus were included in the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 each. Group A received IMT-HI training for 4 weeks, whereas the group B received IMT-E training for 4 weeks pre-operatively. All the patients included in the study underwent a baseline pulmonary assessment which included pulmonary function test (FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). Four-week preoperative IMT-HI lead to better outcome following esophagectomy as compared to IMT-E. Relative risk of PPC was 4:1 (IMT-E:IMT-HI). However, there was no statistically significant improvement in PFTs, MEP, and MIP from baseline or between two groups. The difference in PPC in two groups did not reach statistical significance despite the fact that relative risk of PPC was 4:1 (IMT-E:IMT-HI).