Teed Jacqueline A, Robichaud Meagan O, Duren Michelle, Gouda Hebe N, Kennedy Ryan David
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkings University, Baltimore, United States.
Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkings University, Baltimore, United States.
Tob Induc Dis. 2024 Jan 5;22. doi: 10.18332/tid/174781. eCollection 2024.
Despite the success of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), most jurisdictions in the world do not have policies that create 100% smoke-free environments in indoor workplaces, indoor public places, public transport, or other public places. We conducted a narrative review of articles that discuss smoke-free policies and describe the state of the current literature. A search of peer-reviewed and gray literature, published between 1 January 2004 and 30 April 2022, was conducted using PubMed and EMBASE databases. We classified articles based on the location of the policy discussed (WHO region, World Bank income classification) and the environment that was being made smoke-free. Insights related to policy development and implementation, as well as compliance and enforcement, were also identified. The search identified 4469 unique citations; 134 articles met the criteria for inclusion and underwent data extraction by two independent coders. The sample included articles published in or about jurisdictions in each WHO region, in high- and low- and mediumincome countries, and articles that discussed policies regulating smoke-free indoor workplaces, indoor public places, public transport, outdoor/quasi-outdoor environments, and other (unspecified) public places. Some important insights from the literature related to smoke-free policy implementation included tobacco industry interference, the important role of civil society, and the need for effective communication, education, and leadership. Enforcement officials' awareness and training, stakeholders' attitudes and beliefs, and understanding social norms were identified as relevant determinants of effective smoke-free policies. There continue to be challenges for implementing smoke-free policies in jurisdictions throughout the globe, in high- and low- and middle-income countries. The literature includes insights to support 100% smoke-free policies in each environment that must be made smoke-free as per the FCTC.
尽管《烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC）取得了成功，但世界上大多数司法管辖区并未制定相关政策，以在室内工作场所、室内公共场所、公共交通工具或其他公共场所营造100%无烟环境。我们对讨论无烟政策并描述当前文献状况的文章进行了叙述性综述。利用PubMed和EMBASE数据库，检索了2004年1月1日至2022年4月30日期间发表的同行评审文献和灰色文献。我们根据所讨论政策的地点（世卫组织区域、世界银行收入分类）以及正在实现无烟的环境对文章进行了分类。还确定了与政策制定和实施以及合规与执法相关的见解。检索共识别出4469条独特的引文；134篇文章符合纳入标准，并由两名独立编码员进行了数据提取。样本包括在世卫组织各区域、高收入、低收入和中等收入国家或关于这些国家的司法管辖区发表的文章，以及讨论规范无烟室内工作场所、室内公共场所、公共交通工具、室外/准室外环境和其他（未明确说明的）公共场所政策的文章。文献中与无烟政策实施相关的一些重要见解包括烟草业的干扰、民间社会的重要作用以及有效沟通、教育和领导力的必要性。执法官员的意识和培训、利益相关者的态度和信念以及对社会规范的理解被确定为有效无烟政策的相关决定因素。在全球各地的司法管辖区，无论高收入、低收入还是中等收入国家，实施无烟政策仍然存在挑战。文献中包含的见解支持在每个必须按照《烟草控制框架公约》实现无烟的环境中实施100%无烟政策。
