Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry/State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry/State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
J Therm Biol. 2024 Jan;119:103752. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103752. Epub 2023 Nov 23.
Heat stress can lead to hormonal imbalances, weakened immune system, increased metabolic pressure on the liver, and ultimately higher animal mortality rates. This not only seriously impairs the welfare status of animals, but also causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry. Due to its rich residual bioactive components and good safety characteristics, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) residue is expected to become a high-quality feed additive with anti-oxidative stress alleviating function. This study focuses on the potential of Shengxuebao mixture herbal residue (SXBR) as an anti-heat stress feed additive. Through the UPLC (ultra performance liquid chromatography) technology, the average residue rate of main active ingredients from SXBR were found to be 25.39%. SXBR were then added into the basal diet of heat stressed New Zealand rabbits at the rates of 5% (SXBRl), 10% (SXBRm) and 20% (SXBRh). Heat stress significantly decreased the weight gain, as well as increased neck and ear temperature, drip loss in meat, inflammation and oxidative stress. Also, the hormone levels were disrupted, with a significant increase in serum levels of CA, COR and INS. After the consumption of SXBR in the basal diet for 3 weeks, the weight of New Zealand rabbits increased significantly, and the SXBRh group restored the redness value of the meat to a similar level as the control group. Furthermore, the serum levels T3 thyroid hormone in the SXBRh group and T4 thyroid hormone in the SXBRm group increased significantly, the SXBRh group showed a significant restoration in inflammation markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant capacity, HSP-70, MDA, and ROS) levels. Moreover, the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis found that, the expression levels of antioxidant genes such as Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and GPX1 were significantly upregulated in the SXBRh group, and the expression level of the Keap1 gene was significantly downregulated. Additionally, the SXBRm group showed significant upregulation in the expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 genes. Western blot experiments further confirmed the up-regulation of Nrf2, Ho-1 and NQO1 proteins. This study provides a strategy for the utilization of SXBR and is of great significance for the green recycling of the TCM residues, improving the development of animal husbandry and animal welfare.
热应激会导致激素失衡、免疫系统减弱、肝脏代谢压力增加，最终导致动物死亡率上升。这不仅严重损害动物的福利状况，还会给畜牧业带来重大的经济损失。由于传统中药（TCM）残留具有丰富的生物活性成分和良好的安全性特征，因此有望成为一种具有抗氧化应激缓解功能的高质量饲料添加剂。本研究关注的是盛雪宝混合草药残渣（SXBR）作为抗热应激饲料添加剂的潜力。通过超高效液相色谱（UPLC）技术，发现 SXBR 中主要活性成分的平均残留率为 25.39%。然后，将 SXBR 添加到新西兰热应激兔的基础日粮中，添加量分别为 5%（SXBRl）、10%（SXBRm）和 20%（SXBRh）。热应激显著降低了新西兰兔的体重增加，并增加了颈部和耳部温度、肉滴水损失、炎症和氧化应激。此外，激素水平也被打乱，血清 CA、COR 和 INS 水平显著升高。在基础日粮中添加 SXBR 3 周后，新西兰兔体重显著增加，SXBRh 组将肉的红色值恢复到与对照组相似的水平。此外，SXBRh 组血清 T3 甲状腺激素和 SXBRm 组 T4 甲状腺激素水平显著升高，SXBRh 组炎症标志物（IL-1β、IL-6 和 TNF-α）和氧化应激标志物（总抗氧化能力、HSP-70、MDA 和 ROS）水平显著恢复。此外，实时荧光定量 PCR 分析发现，SXBRh 组抗氧化基因 Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1 和 GPX1 的表达水平显著上调，Keap1 基因的表达水平显著下调。此外，SXBRm 组 HO-1 和 NQO1 基因的表达水平也显著上调。Western blot 实验进一步证实了 Nrf2、Ho-1 和 NQO1 蛋白的上调。本研究为 SXBR 的利用提供了一种策略，对 TCM 残留的绿色回收、提高畜牧业的发展和动物福利具有重要意义。
