Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2024 Apr;21(4):211-219. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0093. Epub 2024 Jan 10.
Surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in U.S. retail meats is conducted to identify potential risks of foodborne illness. In this study, we conducted a phenotypic and genotypic analysis of recovered from a diverse range of retail meat types during 2018-2019 in North Carolina. The investigation was conducted as part of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). Retail meat sampling and isolation were performed in accordance with NARMS retail meat isolation protocols. We used the Sensititre™ broth microdilution system to determine phenotypic resistance to 14 antimicrobial agents and the Illumina next-generation sequencing platform for genotypic resistance profiling. The highest prevalence of isolates was found in ground turkey ( = 57, 42.9%) and chicken ( = 27, 20.3%), followed by ground beef ( = 25, 18.9%) and pork ( = 24, 18%). The isolates were divided into seven different phylogroups using the Clermont typing tool, with B1 ( = 59, 44.4%) and A ( = 39, 29.3%) being the most dominant, followed by B2 ( = 14, 10.5%), D ( = 7, 5.3%), F ( = 6, 4.5%), E ( = 3, 2.3%), and C ( = 2, 1.5%). Using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), 128 Sequence types (STs) were identified indicating high diversity. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance was observed toward aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, phenicols, and fluoroquinolones. Ground turkey samples were more resistant to the panel of tested antimicrobials than chicken, beef, or pork ( < 0.05). All isolates were found to be susceptible to meropenem. A high percentage of turkey isolates ( = 16, 28%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) compared with 18.5% of chicken ( = 5), 8.4% of pork ( = 2), and 8% of beef isolates ( = 2). This study highlights the benefit of surveillance to identify MDR for epidemiologic tracking and is a comprehensive report of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of isolated from retail meats in North Carolina.
美国零售肉类中抗微生物药物耐药性病原体的监测旨在确定食源性疾病的潜在风险。在本研究中，我们对 2018-2019 年期间从北卡罗来纳州各种零售肉类类型中分离出的 进行了表型和基因型分析。该调查是国家抗微生物药物耐药性监测系统 (NARMS) 的一部分。零售肉类采样和 分离是按照 NARMS 零售肉类分离方案进行的。我们使用 Sensititre™肉汤微量稀释系统来确定对 14 种抗菌药物的表型耐药性，并使用 Illumina 下一代测序平台进行基因型耐药性分析。分离出的 最常见的是火鸡肉（ = 57，42.9%）和鸡肉（ = 27，20.3%），其次是碎牛肉（ = 25，18.9%）和猪肉（ = 24，18%）。使用 Clermont 分型工具将分离株分为七个不同的 phylogroups，其中 B1（ = 59，44.4%）和 A（ = 39，29.3%）是最主要的，其次是 B2（ = 14，10.5%）、D（ = 7，5.3%）、F（ = 6，4.5%）、E（ = 3，2.3%）和 C（ = 2，1.5%）。使用多位点序列分型（MLST），共鉴定出 128 种序列型（STs），表明具有高度多样性。对氨基糖苷类、磺胺类、β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、四环素类、酚类和氟喹诺酮类药物表现出表型和基因型耐药性。火鸡样本对测试的抗菌药物组合比鸡肉、牛肉或猪肉更具耐药性（ < 0.05）。所有分离株均对美罗培南敏感。与鸡肉（ = 16，28%）、猪肉（ = 8.4%）和牛肉（ = 8%）相比，火鸡分离株的多药耐药性（MDR）比例更高（ = 16，28%）。本研究强调了监测的好处，即可以识别 ，以便进行流行病学跟踪，这是对北卡罗来纳州零售肉类中分离出的 进行表型和基因型特征描述的综合报告。
