Zhao S, McDermott P F, Friedman S, Abbott J, Ayers S, Glenn A, Hall-Robinson E, Hubert S K, Harbottle H, Walker R D, Chiller T M, White D G
Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2006 Spring;3(1):106-17. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.106.
Salmonella isolates were recovered from a monthly sampling of chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, and pork chops purchased from selected grocery stores in six participating FoodNet sites (Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Oregon, and Tennessee) in 2002 and an additional two sites in 2003 (California and New York). In 2002 and 2003, a total of 6,046 retail meats were examined, including 1,513 chicken breasts, 1,499 ground turkey samples, 1,522 ground beef samples, and 1,502 pork chops. Retail meat samples tested increased to 3,533 in 2003 as compared to 2,513 in 2002. Overall, six percent of 6,046 retail meat samples (n = 365) were contaminated with Salmonella, the bulk recovered from either ground turkey (52%) or chicken breast (39%). Salmonella isolates were serotyped and susceptibility tested using a panel of 16 antimicrobial agents. S. Heidelberg was the predominant serotype identified (23%), followed by S. Saintpaul (12%), S. Typhimurium (11%), and S. Kentucky (10%). Overall, resistance was most often observed to tetracycline (40%), streptomycin (37%), ampicillin (26%), and sulfamethoxazole (25%). Twelve percent of isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and ceftiofur, though only one isolate was resistant to ceftriaxone. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin and ciprofloxacin; however, 3% of isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and were almost exclusive to ground turkey samples (n = 11/12). All Salmonella isolates were analyzed for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns generated by digestion with Xba1 or Xba1 plus Bln1. PFGE fingerprinting profiles showed that Salmonella, in general, were genetically diverse with a total of 175 Xba1 PFGE profiles generated from the 365 isolates. PFGE profiles showed good correlation with serotypes and in some instances, antimicrobial resistance profiles. Results demonstrated a varied spectrum of antimicrobial resistance and PFGE patterns, including several multidrug resistant clonal groups among Salmonella isolates, and signify the importance of sustained surveillance of foodborne pathogens in retail meats.
2002年，从六个参与食品网项目的地点（康涅狄格州、佐治亚州、马里兰州、明尼苏达州、俄勒冈州和田纳西州）选定杂货店购买的鸡胸肉、火鸡肉末、牛肉末和猪排的月度抽样中分离出沙门氏菌菌株，2003年又增加了两个地点（加利福尼亚州和纽约州）。2002年和2003年，共检测了6046份零售肉类，包括1513份鸡胸肉、1499份火鸡肉末样本、1522份牛肉末样本和1502份猪排。与2002年的2513份相比，2003年检测的零售肉类样本增加到3533份。总体而言，6046份零售肉类样本中有6%（n = 365）被沙门氏菌污染，大部分来自火鸡肉末（52%）或鸡胸肉（39%）。对沙门氏菌分离株进行血清分型，并使用一组16种抗菌药物进行药敏试验。海德堡沙门氏菌是鉴定出的主要血清型（23%），其次是圣保罗沙门氏菌（12%）、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（11%）和肯塔基沙门氏菌（10%）。总体而言，最常观察到对四环素（40%）、链霉素（37%）、氨苄青霉素（26%）和磺胺甲恶唑（25%）的耐药性。12%的分离株对头孢西丁和头孢噻呋耐药，不过只有一株对头孢曲松耐药。所有分离株对阿米卡星和环丙沙星敏感；然而, 3%的分离株对萘啶酸耐药，且几乎只存在于火鸡肉末样本中（n = 11/12）。使用经Xba1或Xba1加Bln1酶切产生的脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）图谱分析所有沙门氏菌分离株的遗传相关性。PFGE指纹图谱显示，沙门氏菌总体上具有遗传多样性，从365株分离株中总共产生了175种Xba1 PFGE图谱。PFGE图谱与血清型以及在某些情况下与抗菌药物耐药性图谱显示出良好的相关性。结果表明沙门氏菌分离株存在多种抗菌药物耐药谱和PFGE图谱，包括几个多重耐药克隆群，这表明持续监测零售肉类中食源性病原体的重要性。
