Levayer Romain
Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2024 Feb;86:102316. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102316. Epub 2024 Jan 9.
Epithelial tissues are dramatically remodelled during embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis and yet need to maintain their sealing properties to sustain their barrier functions at any time. Part of these remodellings involve the elimination of a large proportion of cells through apoptosis. Cell extrusion, the remodelling steps leading to seamless dying cell expulsion, helps to maintain tissue cohesion. However, there is an intrinsic limit in the system that can only accommodate a certain proportion/rate of cell elimination as well as certain spatiotemporal distributions. What are then the critical conditions leading to epithelial rupture/tear/sealing defects upon cell elimination and which mechanisms ensure that such limits are never reached? In this short review, I document the conditions in which epithelial rupture has been observed, including in the contexts of epithelial cell death, and the mechanical parameters influencing tissue rupture, and review feedback mechanisms which help to keep the epithelia away from the breaking point.
上皮组织在胚胎发育和组织稳态过程中会发生显著重塑，但仍需随时保持其密封特性以维持屏障功能。这些重塑过程的一部分涉及通过细胞凋亡消除大部分细胞。细胞挤出，即导致无缝排出死亡细胞的重塑步骤，有助于维持组织凝聚力。然而，该系统存在内在限制，只能容纳一定比例/速率的细胞消除以及特定的时空分布。那么，导致细胞消除后上皮破裂/撕裂/密封缺陷的关键条件是什么，哪些机制可确保永远不会达到这些限制？在这篇简短的综述中，我记录了观察到上皮破裂的条件，包括上皮细胞死亡的情况，以及影响组织破裂的力学参数，并综述了有助于使上皮组织远离破裂点的反馈机制。
