Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Center for Providing Community Services Osijek "ME just like YOU", Martina Divalta 2, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Nutrients. 2023 Dec 31;16(1):143. doi: 10.3390/nu16010143.
People with severe mental disorders often require special care. Other than institutionalized care, some organizations provide housing options and special care in the form of organized living. Few studies provide a detailed description of nutrient intake in this type of care. The aim of this prospective study was to assess nutritional status and adherence to dietary recommendations in both people with mental disorders (beneficiaries) and their caregivers. Across three levels of care, 46 beneficiaries and 19 caregivers participated in the study. The mean intakes of energy (kcal/day) and macro- and micronutrients (g/day) were estimated from a 3-day dietary record and compared with dietary reference values (DRVs) set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The majority of participants did not meet energy intake recommendations (kcal/day). The contribution of total fat to energy intake (% E) was higher than recommended in both beneficiaries and caregivers with 42.1 ± 4.4% and 38.5 ± 6.5%, respectively. A total of 45.2% of beneficiaries and 61.1% of caregivers had their carbohydrate intake within the recommended range. Fiber intake was well below the recommendations (25 g/day) in all groups. Across all levels of care, lower micronutrient intake for pantothenic acid, biotin, folate, potassium, magnesium, copper, selenium, and iodine was observed. Based on the current results, the development and implementation of nutritional guidelines may be targeted to specific populations and nutrient intakes.
患有严重精神障碍的人通常需要特殊护理。除了机构化护理外，一些组织还提供住房选择和以有组织的生活形式提供特殊护理。很少有研究详细描述这种护理类型的营养摄入情况。本前瞻性研究旨在评估精神障碍患者（受益者）及其护理人员的营养状况和对饮食建议的依从性。在三个护理级别中，共有 46 名受益者和 19 名护理人员参与了研究。通过三天的饮食记录来估计能量（千卡/天）和宏量及微量营养素（克/天）的摄入量，并与欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）设定的饮食参考值（DRV）进行比较。大多数参与者的能量摄入未达到推荐值（千卡/天）。在受益者和护理人员中，总脂肪对能量摄入的贡献率（%E）均高于推荐值，分别为 42.1±4.4%和 38.5±6.5%。共有 45.2%的受益者和 61.1%的护理人员的碳水化合物摄入量处于推荐范围内。所有组的膳食纤维摄入量均远低于推荐量（25 克/天）。在所有护理级别中，泛酸、生物素、叶酸、钾、镁、铜、硒和碘的微量营养素摄入量均较低。基于当前结果，可能需要针对特定人群和营养素摄入量制定和实施营养指南。
