School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Cogn Psychol. 2024 Mar;149:101629. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2023.101629. Epub 2024 Jan 11.
People are often faced with repeated risky decisions that involve uncertainty. In sequential risk-taking tasks, like the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), the underlying decision process is not yet fully understood. Dual-process theory proposes that human cognition involves two main families of processes, often referred to as System 1 (fast and automatic) and System 2 (slow and conscious). We cross models of the BART with different architectures of the two systems to yield a pool of computational dual-process models that are evaluated on multiple performance measures (e.g., parameter identifiability, model recovery, and predictive accuracy). Results show that the best-performing model configuration assumes the two systems are competitively connected, an evaluation process based on the Scaled Target Learning model of the BART, and an assessment rate that incorporates sensitivity to the trial number, pumping opportunity, and bias to engage in System 1. Findings also shed light on how modeling choices and response times in a dual-process framework can benefit our understanding of sequential risk-taking behavior.
人们经常面临涉及不确定性的重复风险决策。在顺序风险任务中，例如气球模拟风险任务（BART），其潜在的决策过程尚不完全清楚。双加工理论提出，人类认知涉及两种主要的加工过程，通常称为系统 1（快速和自动）和系统 2（缓慢和有意识）。我们将 BART 的不同结构模型与两种系统的不同架构相结合，产生了一组计算双加工模型，这些模型在多个性能指标上进行了评估（例如，参数可识别性、模型恢复和预测准确性）。结果表明，表现最好的模型配置假设两个系统是竞争性连接的，这是基于 BART 的比例目标学习模型的评估过程，以及一个评估率，它结合了对试验次数、泵送机会和参与系统 1 的偏向的敏感性。研究结果还揭示了在双加工框架中，建模选择和反应时间如何有助于我们理解顺序风险行为。
