Alonge Oluwakemi D, Marin Mona, Hickman Carole J, Sowers Sun B, Chen Min-Hsin, Hao Lijuan, Mercader Sara, El-Badry Elina, McClure David L, Icenogle Joseph P, Sugerman David E, Crooke Stephen N, Nguyen Huong Q
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Jan 3;11(1):ofad700. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad700. eCollection 2024 Jan.
A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) may be administered for various reasons, but data on long-term immunity are limited. We assessed neutralizing antibody levels against measles and rubella among adults up to 11 years after receipt of a third MMR dose.
In this longitudinal study, healthy adults who received a third MMR dose as young adults (ages 18-28 years) were recalled around 5 years and 9-11 years after the third dose. Measles and rubella antibody levels were assessed by plaque-reduction and immunocolorimetric neutralization assays, respectively. Antibody concentrations <120 mIU/mL and <10 U/mL were considered potentially susceptible to measles and rubella, respectively. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) over time were estimated from generalized estimating equation models.
Approximately 5 and 9-11 years after receipt of the third dose, 405 and 304 adults were assessed, respectively. Measles GMC was 428 mIU/mL (95% CI, 392-468 mIU/mL) 5 years postvaccination, declining to 381 mIU/mL (95% CI, 339-428 mIU/mL) 11 years postvaccination. At the last follow-up visit (9-11 years postvaccination), 10% of participants were potentially susceptible to measles infection. Rubella GMCs were stable throughout the follow-up period (63 U/mL to 65 U/mL); none of the participants was susceptible to rubella at the last follow-up visit.
Eleven years after receiving a third MMR dose, measles and rubella neutralizing antibody levels remained high in adults. However, on the basis of waning antibody levels, some adults may become susceptible to measles infection over time despite receipt of 3 vaccine doses.
出于各种原因，可能会接种第三剂麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗（MMR），但关于长期免疫的数据有限。我们评估了接种第三剂MMR疫苗后长达11年的成年人中针对麻疹和风疹的中和抗体水平。
在这项纵向研究中，在第三剂疫苗接种后约5年和9至11年召回了在年轻时（18至28岁）接种第三剂MMR疫苗的健康成年人。分别通过蚀斑减少中和试验和免疫比色中和试验评估麻疹和风疹抗体水平。抗体浓度<120 mIU/mL和<10 U/mL分别被认为可能易患麻疹和风疹。通过广义估计方程模型估计随时间变化的几何平均浓度（GMC）和95%置信区间（CI）。
在接种第三剂疫苗后约5年和9至11年，分别评估了405名和304名成年人。接种疫苗后5年，麻疹GMC为428 mIU/mL（95%CI，392至468 mIU/mL），接种疫苗后11年降至381 mIU/mL（95%CI，339至428 mIU/mL）。在最后一次随访（接种疫苗后9至11年）时，10%的参与者可能易患麻疹感染。风疹GMC在整个随访期间保持稳定（63 U/mL至65 U/mL）；在最后一次随访时，没有参与者易患风疹。
接种第三剂MMR疫苗11年后，成年人中麻疹和风疹中和抗体水平仍然很高。然而，基于抗体水平的下降，尽管接种了3剂疫苗，但一些成年人可能会随着时间的推移而变得易患麻疹感染。
