Karim Abdul Rasheed, Danish Mohammed, Alam Mohd Gulfam, Majeed Shahnaz, Alanazi Abdulaziz M
Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia.
Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia.
Chemosphere. 2024 Mar;351:141180. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141180. Epub 2024 Jan 11.
In contemporary wastewater treatment industry, advanced oxidation techniques, membrane filtration, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis are used to treat chemically loaded wastewater. All these methods required highly toxic oxidizing chemicals, high capital investment in membrane/filter materials, and the installation of sophisticated equipment. Wastewater treatment through an adsorption process using biomass-based adsorbent is economical, user-friendly, and sustainable. Neem tree waste has been explored as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The chemical components in the neem biomass include carbohydrates, fat, fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which support the functionalization of neem biomass. Moreover, adsorbent preparation from renewable resources is not only cost-effective and environmentally friendly but also helps in waste management for sustainable growth. Contemporary researchers explored the pre- and post-surface-modified neem biomass adsorbents in scavenging the pollutants from contaminated water. This review extensively explores the activation process of neem biomass, physical and chemical methods of surface modification mechanism, and the factors affecting surface modification. The pollutant removal through pre and post-surface-modified neem biomass adsorbents was also summarized. Furthermore, it also provides a comprehensive summary of the factors that affect the adsorption performance of the neem biomass-derived adsorbents against dyes, metal ions, and other emerging pollutants. Understanding the surface-modification mechanisms and the adsorption efficiency factor of adsorbents will help in harnessing their potential for more efficiently combatting environmental pollution and making strides toward a greener and more sustainable future.
在当代废水处理行业中，先进的氧化技术、膜过滤、离子交换和反渗透被用于处理含有化学物质的废水。所有这些方法都需要剧毒的氧化化学品，在膜/过滤材料方面需要高额的资本投资，并且需要安装复杂的设备。使用基于生物质的吸附剂通过吸附过程处理废水既经济、用户友好又可持续。印楝树废料已被探索用作废水处理的吸附剂。印楝生物质中的化学成分包括碳水化合物、脂肪、纤维、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素，这些成分支持印楝生物质的功能化。此外，由可再生资源制备吸附剂不仅具有成本效益且环保，还有助于废物管理以实现可持续增长。当代研究人员探索了表面改性前后的印楝生物质吸附剂对受污染水中污染物的清除作用。本综述广泛探讨了印楝生物质的活化过程、表面改性机理的物理和化学方法以及影响表面改性的因素。还总结了表面改性前后的印楝生物质吸附剂对污染物的去除情况。此外，它还全面总结了影响印楝生物质衍生吸附剂对染料、金属离子和其他新兴污染物吸附性能的因素。了解吸附剂的表面改性机理和吸附效率因素将有助于发挥其潜力，更有效地应对环境污染，并朝着更绿色、更可持续的未来迈进。
