Antshel Kevin M, Park Aesoon, Maisto Stephen, Faraone Stephen V
Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
State University of New York - Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
J Am Coll Health. 2025 Jul;73(6):2417-2425. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2299409. Epub 2024 Jan 16.
Eight percent of college students report past year prescription stimulant misuse (nonmedical use of stimulants defined as taking stimulants in a manner other than prescribed). Despite this high prevalence rate, primary prevention efforts are lacking on college campuses. A prescription stimulant misuse primary prevention intervention targeting first-year college students was developed, refined, and pilot tested. Existing substance use treatment (motivational interviewing) and time management (cognitive behavioral therapy for adult ADHD) techniques were integrated into the novel brief prevention intervention. Focus groups provided feedback to help refine the prevention intervention. Following refinements, 484 first-year college students were randomly assigned to condition (327 treatment, 157 control) and followed for 3 months. Participants rated the intervention as satisfactory. After controlling for time invariant covariates, condition significantly predicted prescription stimulant misuse. There was a lower rate of past 3-month prescription stimulant misuse reported in the intervention group (4.9%) compared to the control group (11.5%). Academic expectancies remained stable in the intervention group yet increased in the control condition over time. Time management skill ratings remained stable in both groups. Changes in academic expectancies, yet not time management skills, were a partial mediator of the prevention efficacy in prescription stimulant misuse at 3-month follow-up. These results provide preliminary support for the acceptability and efficacy of a brief primary prevention intervention for college student prescription stimulant misuse. Changes in positive prescription stimulant expectancies, yet not time management skills, appear to be potential targets for future preventive efforts.
8%的大学生报告在过去一年中存在处方兴奋剂滥用情况（非医疗用途的兴奋剂使用被定义为以非处方规定的方式服用兴奋剂）。尽管这一流行率很高，但大学校园里缺乏初级预防措施。针对大学新生的处方兴奋剂滥用初级预防干预措施得以开发、完善并进行了试点测试。现有的物质使用治疗（动机性访谈）和时间管理（成人注意力缺陷多动障碍的认知行为疗法）技术被整合到这种新型的简短预防干预措施中。焦点小组提供了反馈以帮助完善预防干预措施。经过完善后，484名大学新生被随机分配到不同组（327名接受治疗，157名作为对照），并随访3个月。参与者对干预措施评价满意。在控制了时间不变的协变量后，分组显著预测了处方兴奋剂滥用情况。与对照组（11.5%）相比，干预组报告的过去3个月处方兴奋剂滥用率较低（4.9%）。干预组的学业期望保持稳定，而对照组的学业期望随时间增加。两组的时间管理技能评分均保持稳定。在3个月随访时，学业期望的变化而非时间管理技能是处方兴奋剂滥用预防效果的部分中介因素。这些结果为针对大学生处方兴奋剂滥用的简短初级预防干预措施的可接受性和有效性提供了初步支持。积极的处方兴奋剂期望的变化而非时间管理技能似乎是未来预防工作的潜在目标。
