College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; The Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education (MOE), Lanzhou, 730000, China.
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of Tibet Plateau Human Environment Research, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; The Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education (MOE), Lanzhou, 730000, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Feb 14;352:120101. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120101. Epub 2024 Jan 15.
Sustainable development faces the crucial challenge of safeguarding water-related ecosystem services, particularly in arid regions. However, scale-dependent interactions and their influencing factors remain unclear. This study addresses this local gap on the regional level by focusing on ecologically vulnerable mountain areas, employing a comprehensive quantitative and spatial analysis approach, utilizing Spearman coefficient, trade-off/synergy index, and trade-off/synergy criterion, to examine water-related ecosystem services interactions across scales in arid area. Additionally, a Geographical detector was used to identify dominant natural and human activity factors. Finally, we determined ecologically optimal and worst areas and proposed spatial planning and management recommendations for ecological protection and restoration. Key results indicate that: (1) From 1995 to 2015, water yield and nutrient delivery ratio exhibited a declining trend, while soil retention showed an increasing trend, with the weakest nutrient delivery ratio function in the reserve. (2) At the grid scale, there were 2 trade-offs among water-related ecosystem services in 1995, which decreased to 1 trade-off in 2005 and 2015. The synergistic was most prominent near Qinghai Lake, while the trade-off was most obvious in the western mountainous areas. Conversely, the county scale demonstrated synergy. (3) NDVI, slope, and precipitation dominantly influence the spatial heterogeneity patterns of soil retention_water yield, soil retention_nutrient delivery ratio, and water yield_nutrient delivery ratio, respectively, with natural factors outweighing human activities in impacting water-related ecosystem services. This study contributes to the improvement and optimization of ecological environment management decisions.
可持续发展面临着保障与水相关的生态系统服务的关键挑战，特别是在干旱地区。然而，尺度依赖性相互作用及其影响因素仍不清楚。本研究通过关注生态脆弱的山区，在区域水平上解决了这一局部差距，采用综合定量和空间分析方法，利用 Spearman 系数、权衡/协同指数和权衡/协同准则，研究干旱地区水相关生态系统服务的跨尺度相互作用。此外，还使用地理探测器来识别主要的自然和人为活动因素。最后，确定了生态最优和最差区域，并提出了生态保护和恢复的空间规划和管理建议。主要结果表明：（1）1995 年至 2015 年，产水量和养分输送比呈下降趋势，而土壤保持呈上升趋势，保护区内养分输送比功能最弱。（2）在网格尺度上，1995 年水相关生态系统服务之间存在 2 个权衡，到 2005 年和 2015 年减少到 1 个权衡。协同作用在青海湖附近最为显著，而在西部山区则最为明显。相反，县级尺度表现出协同作用。（3）NDVI、坡度和降水分别主要影响土壤保持-产水量、土壤保持-养分输送比和产水量-养分输送比的空间异质性格局，自然因素对水相关生态系统服务的影响大于人为因素。本研究有助于改善和优化生态环境管理决策。
