The aim of this study was to reduce discrepancies between students and instructors in a preclinical dental course by employing structured peer feedback based on a detailed evaluation sheet. In a crossover study of dental students (n = 32), which compared peer feedback using an evaluation sheet (test) with the traditional method (control), participants completed tasks involving cavity and partial crown preparation. The practical tasks were scored numerically on a scale ranging from one (excellent) to six (failure). The amount of feedback provided by the instructor was also recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (p < 0.05). Regarding cavity preparation, no statistically significant difference was observed (median (25th-75th percentile)) between the grades received by the test (2.00 (1.50-3.00)) and control groups (2.25 (2.00-3.00)). However, the grades pertaining to partial crown preparation exhibited a statistically significant difference between the test (2.25 (2.00-2.50)) and control (2.50 (2.00-3.00)) groups. LimeSurvey and five-finger feedback were used to assess satisfaction with the new method, revealing that most students found the evaluation sheet and peer feedback to be effective. Within the limitations of this study, structured peer feedback using the evaluation sheet positively impacted grades pertaining to partial crown preparation, requiring less instructor feedback.