Bhattacharya Roumi
Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, Shibpur, 711103, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Feb;31(9):12617-12646. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-31919-9. Epub 2024 Jan 18.
The constant surge in nitric oxide in the atmosphere results in severe environmental degradation, negatively impacting human health and ecosystems, and is presently a global concern. Widely used physicochemical technologies for nitric oxide (NO) removal comes with high installation and operational costs and the production of secondary pollutants. Thus, biological treatment has been emphasized over the last two decades, but the poor solubility of NO in water makes it a challenging issue. The present article reviews the various technical aspects of biological treatment of nitric oxide, including the removal pathways and reactor configurations involved in the process. The most widely used technologies in this regard are chemical adsorption processes followed by biological reactors like biofilters, biotrickling filters and membrane bioreactors that enhance NO solubility and offer the flexibility and scope of further improvement in process design. The effect of various experimental and operational parameters on NO removal, including pH, carbon source, gas flow rate, gas residence time and presence of inhibitory components in the flue gas, is also discussed along with the developed mathematical models for predicting NO removal in a biological treatment system. There is an extensive scope of investigation regarding the development of an economical system to remove NO, and an exhaustive model that would optimize the process considering maximum practical parameters encountered during such operation. A detailed discussion made in this article gives a proper insight into all these areas.
大气中一氧化氮的持续激增导致严重的环境退化，对人类健康和生态系统产生负面影响，目前是一个全球关注的问题。广泛使用的去除一氧化氮（NO）的物理化学技术伴随着高昂的安装和运营成本以及二次污染物的产生。因此，在过去二十年中生物处理受到了重视，但NO在水中的低溶解度使其成为一个具有挑战性的问题。本文综述了一氧化氮生物处理的各个技术方面，包括该过程中涉及的去除途径和反应器配置。在这方面最广泛使用的技术是化学吸附过程，随后是生物反应器，如生物滤池、生物滴滤池和膜生物反应器，这些反应器提高了NO的溶解度，并为工艺设计的进一步改进提供了灵活性和空间。还讨论了各种实验和操作参数对NO去除的影响，包括pH值、碳源、气体流速、气体停留时间和烟气中抑制性成分的存在，以及用于预测生物处理系统中NO去除的已开发数学模型。关于开发一种经济的NO去除系统以及一个能考虑此类操作中遇到的最大实际参数来优化该过程的详尽模型，仍有广泛的研究空间。本文进行的详细讨论对所有这些领域都有恰当的见解。
