Curtis L A
Science. 1987 Mar 20;235(4795):1509-11. doi: 10.1126/science.3823901.
Estuarine snails Ilyanassa obsoleta bearing larvae of the trematode Gynaecotyla adunca behave singularly in comparison with conspecifics lacking this parasite. Following high tides, and especially at night, infected snails were found stranded high on beaches and sandbars. Semiterrestrial crustaceans living well up on the shore serve as the next host, and the modified (induced) snail behavior is apparently a parasite adaptation facilitating cercarial transmission to these crustaceans. The altered behavior is unusual because of its apparent enhancement of host-to-host transmission by cercariae rather than predation, the process commonly recognized as being enhanced by parasitic modification of host behavior.
携带吸虫Gynaecotyla adunca幼虫的河口蜗牛Ilyanassa obsoleta与未感染这种寄生虫的同种蜗牛相比，行为表现异常。涨潮后，尤其是在夜间，会发现受感染的蜗牛被困在海滩和沙洲的高处。生活在海岸高处的半陆生甲壳类动物是下一个宿主，而蜗牛行为的改变（诱导）显然是一种寄生虫适应性变化，有助于尾蚴传播到这些甲壳类动物身上。这种行为改变很不寻常，因为它明显增强了尾蚴在宿主间的传播，而不是捕食，捕食是通常认为会因寄生虫对宿主行为的改变而增强的过程。
