Defaix Raphaël, Lokesh Jep, Frohn Laura, Le Bechec Mickael, Pigot Thierry, Véron Vincent, Surget Anne, Biasutti Sandra, Terrier Frédéric, Skiba-Cassy Sandrine, Roy Jérôme, Panserat Stéphane, Ricaud Karine
Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France.
Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2024 Jan 22;15(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s40104-023-00951-z.
High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) but may affect growth and health. Inulin, a prebiotic, could have nutritional and metabolic effects, along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts, improving growth and welfare. We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100% plant-based diet, which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds. In a two-factor design, we examined the impact of inulin (2%) as well as the variation in the carbohydrates (CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout. We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters, plasma metabolites, gut microbiota, production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid, as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine, intermediary liver metabolism, and immune markers in a 12-week feeding trial.
The use of 2% inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota, but interestingly, the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity, with 21 bacterial genera affected, including Ralstonia, Bacillus, and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria. There were higher levels of butyric, and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin. The high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1b, il8, and tnfa) in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine (tjp1a and tjp3). However, the 2% inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers. Finally, inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates.
With a 100% plant-based diet, inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2% inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO when combined with a 100% plant-based diet.
高碳水化合物饮食可节省虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）体内的蛋白质，但可能影响其生长和健康。菊粉作为一种益生元，可能具有营养和代谢作用，同时在硬骨鱼中具有抗炎特性，可改善生长和健康状况。我们通过给虹鳟投喂100%植物性饲料来验证这一假设，这种饲料是水产养殖饲料中鱼粉和鱼油的可行替代品。在双因素设计中，我们研究了菊粉（2%）以及碳水化合物（CHO）/植物蛋白比例的变化对虹鳟的影响。在为期12周的饲养试验中，我们评估了这些因素对养殖技术参数、血浆代谢物、肠道微生物群、短链脂肪酸和乳酸的产生，以及中肠游离脂肪酸受体基因表达、肝脏中间代谢和免疫标志物的影响。
使用2%菊粉并未显著改变鱼的肠道微生物群，但有趣的是，高CHO/蛋白比例组的肠道微生物群发生了变化，尤其是β多样性，有21个细菌属受到影响，包括罗尔斯通氏菌属、芽孢杆菌属和11种产乳酸细菌。高CHO/蛋白饮食组（未添加菊粉）的丁酸和戊酸水平较高。高CHO/蛋白组肝脏中促炎细胞因子（il1b、il8和tnfa）的表达降低，中肠中紧密连接蛋白编码基因（tjp1a和tjp3）的表达也较低。然而，2%菊粉并未改变血浆免疫标志物的表达。最后，无论饮食中的碳水化合物含量如何，菊粉都会对虹鳟的生长性能产生负面影响。
对于100%植物性饲料，通过节省蛋白质的作用，添加高水平碳水化合物可能是水产养殖中鱼类营养的一种有前景的方式，而在与100%植物性饲料结合使用时，添加2%菊粉似乎并不能改善CHO的利用。
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