Chowdhury Kona, Sinha Susmita, Kumar Santosh, Haque Mainul, Ahmad Rahnuma
Department of Pediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, BGD.
Department of Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD.
Cureus. 2024 Jan 19;16(1):e52551. doi: 10.7759/cureus.52551. eCollection 2024 Jan.
Constipation suffered by children is a global public health problem. Functional constipation (FC) brings about deteriorating effects in the children's lives who suffer from it. The risk factors for the development of constipation include the consumption of a diet low in fiber and high in calories (such as the consumption of fast food), a sedentary lifestyle with a lack of exercise, a family history of constipation, and emotional and psychological stress endured by children in their families. It is one of the most common causes of stomachaches in children. FC may lead to fecal incontinence (FI), anal fissures, recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI), and enuresis in children. Severe constipation may result in stool becoming rock-hard and inflexible in the rectum, which is clinically identified as fecal impaction. It is imperative to perform clinical evaluation and treatment, including pharmacological (the use of stimulant and osmotic laxatives) and non-pharmacological (education, changes in diet, intervention to promote positive behavior and address any emotional issues, toilet training, and physiotherapy for the pelvic floor) interventions. In the case of refractory patients, neuromodulation, the irrigation of the anal canal, and surgical management may be needed. It is essential to lead a healthy, stress-free lifestyle with plenty of exercise and a balanced diet rich in fiber (such as fruits and vegetables) so children can have regular bowel habits and thrive.
儿童便秘是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。功能性便秘(FC)会给患有该病的儿童的生活带来日益恶化的影响。便秘发生的风险因素包括食用低纤维、高热量的饮食(如食用快餐)、久坐不动且缺乏运动的生活方式、便秘家族史以及儿童在家庭中承受的情绪和心理压力。它是儿童腹痛最常见的原因之一。功能性便秘可能导致儿童大便失禁(FI)、肛裂、复发性尿路感染(RUTI)和遗尿。严重便秘可能导致粪便在直肠内变得坚硬如石且难以排出,临床上将其认定为粪嵌塞。必须进行临床评估和治疗,包括药物治疗(使用刺激性和渗透性泻药)和非药物治疗(教育、饮食改变、促进积极行为和解决任何情绪问题的干预措施、排便训练以及盆底物理治疗)。对于难治性患者,可能需要进行神经调节、肛管冲洗和手术治疗。保持健康、无压力的生活方式,进行大量运动并摄入富含纤维的均衡饮食(如水果和蔬菜)非常重要,这样孩子们才能养成规律的排便习惯并茁壮成长。