Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
Public Health Nutr. 2024 Jan 22;27(1):e152. doi: 10.1017/S1368980024000053.
This study assessed nutritional status among Thai children using anthropometry, dietary intakes and micronutrient status.
Cross-sectional survey with multi-stage cluster sampling. Body weight and height were measured in all children. Dietary intakes were assessed using 24-h dietary recall. Biochemical assessment was performed in one-third of the children.
The study was conducted in Thailand's four geographical regions and Bangkok.
3478 Thai children aged 0·5-12·9 years.
Stunting showed a downward trend by age group and was most prevalent among infants and toddlers. Overweight and obesity showed a significant upward trend by age group, location and sex and were highest among children aged 7-12·9 years. Risks of inadequate micronutrient intakes (Ca, Fe, Zn, vitamins A, C and D) were high (53·2-93·6 %). Prevalence of Zn and mild vitamin A deficiencies were low; vitamin D and B deficiencies were nil. Vitamin D insufficiency was significantly higher in the urban area and among girls. Anaemia was very high in infants and toddlers (56·6 and 35·2 %) but showed a significant downward trend by age group. There was an overall high prevalence of Fe deficiency (25 %) . Fe deficiency anaemia (4·2 %) among children aged 4-12·9 years old.
The high prevalence of stunting and anaemia among children aged 0·5-3·9 years and overweight and obesity among children aged 7-12·9 years requires continued attention. While prevalence of biochemical micronutrient deficiencies was not high (except for Fe), high prevalence of dietary inadequacies for several micronutrients warrants further in-depth investigations.
本研究通过人体测量学、膳食摄入量和微量营养素状况评估泰国儿童的营养状况。
多阶段聚类抽样的横断面调查。所有儿童均测量体重和身高。采用 24 小时膳食回顾法评估膳食摄入量。对三分之一的儿童进行生化评估。
研究在泰国四个地理区域和曼谷进行。
3478 名年龄在 0.5-12.9 岁的泰国儿童。
发育迟缓随年龄组呈下降趋势，在婴儿和幼儿中最为普遍。超重和肥胖随年龄组、地点和性别呈显著上升趋势，在 7-12.9 岁儿童中最高。微量营养素摄入不足（钙、铁、锌、维生素 A、C 和 D）的风险很高（53.2-93.6%）。锌和轻度维生素 A 缺乏的患病率较低；维生素 D 和 B 缺乏为零。维生素 D 不足在城市地区和女孩中显著更高。婴儿和幼儿贫血非常高（56.6%和 35.2%），但随年龄组呈显著下降趋势。儿童中普遍存在铁缺乏症（25%），4-12.9 岁儿童铁缺乏性贫血（4.2%）。
0.5-3.9 岁儿童发育迟缓、贫血和 7-12.9 岁儿童超重和肥胖的高患病率需要持续关注。虽然生化微量营养素缺乏的流行率不高（除铁外），但几种微量营养素的膳食不足的高流行率需要进一步深入调查。
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