Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Jan 12;16(1):41. doi: 10.3390/toxins16010041.
With the rapid advancement of nanotechnology and its widespread applications, increasing amounts of manufactured and natural nanoparticles (NPs) have been tested for their potential utilization in treating harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs). NPs can be used as a photocatalyst, algaecide, adsorbent, flocculant, or coagulant. The primary mechanisms explored for NPs to mitigate HCBs include photocatalysis, metal ion-induced cytotoxicity, physical disruption of the cell membrane, light-shielding, flocculation/coagulation/sedimentation of cyanobacterial cells, and the removal of phosphorus (P) and cyanotoxins from bloom water by adsorption. As an emerging and promising chemical/physical approach for HCB mitigation, versatile NP-based technologies offer great advantages, such as being environmentally benign, cost-effective, highly efficient, recyclable, and adaptable. The challenges we face include cost reduction, scalability, and impacts on non-target species co-inhabiting in the same environment. Further efforts are required to scale up to real-world operations through developing more efficient, recoverable, reusable, and deployable NP-based lattices or materials that are adaptable to bloom events in different water bodies of different sizes, such as reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and marine environments.
随着纳米技术的快速发展及其广泛应用，越来越多的人工合成和天然纳米颗粒 (NPs) 已被测试用于处理有害蓝藻水华 (HCBs) 的潜在用途。 NPs 可用作光催化剂、杀藻剂、吸附剂、絮凝剂或混凝剂。探索 NPs 减轻 HCBs 的主要机制包括光催化、金属离子诱导的细胞毒性、细胞膜的物理破坏、遮光、蓝藻细胞的絮凝/混凝/沉淀，以及通过吸附从水华水中去除磷 (P) 和蓝藻毒素。作为一种新兴的、有前途的化学/物理方法用于减轻 HCB，多功能基于 NP 的技术具有许多优势，例如环境友好、经济高效、高效、可回收和适应性强。我们面临的挑战包括降低成本、可扩展性以及对同一环境中共同存在的非目标物种的影响。需要通过开发更高效、可回收、可重复使用和可部署的基于 NP 的格子或材料来适应不同大小的水体中的水华事件，从而进一步努力将其扩大到实际操作中，例如水库、湖泊、河流和海洋环境。
