Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 May 31;14(6):385. doi: 10.3390/toxins14060385.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are naturally occurring phenomena, and cyanobacteria are the most commonly occurring HABs in freshwater systems. Cyanobacteria HABs (cyanoHABs) negatively affect ecosystems and drinking water resources through the production of potent toxins. Furthermore, the frequency, duration, and distribution of cyanoHABs are increasing, and conditions that favor cyanobacteria growth are predicted to increase in the coming years. Current methods for mitigating cyanoHABs are generally short-lived and resource-intensive, and have negative impacts on non-target species. Cyanophages (viruses that specifically target cyanobacteria) have the potential to provide a highly specific control strategy with minimal impacts on non-target species and propagation in the environment. A detailed review (primarily up to 2020) of cyanophage lifecycle, diversity, and factors influencing infectivity is provided in this paper, along with a discussion of cyanophage and host cyanobacteria relationships for seven prominent cyanoHAB-forming genera in North America, including: , , , , , , and . Lastly, factors affecting the potential application of cyanophages as a cyanoHAB control strategy are discussed, including efficacy considerations, optimization, and scalability for large-scale applications.
有害藻类水华（HABs）是自然发生的现象，而蓝藻是淡水系统中最常见的 HABs。蓝藻 HABs（cyanoHABs）通过产生强效毒素对生态系统和饮用水资源产生负面影响。此外，cyanoHABs 的频率、持续时间和分布正在增加，并且有利于蓝藻生长的条件预计在未来几年会增加。目前减轻 cyanoHABs 的方法通常是短期的且资源密集型的，并且对非目标物种有负面影响。噬藻体（专门针对蓝藻的病毒）有可能提供一种高度特异性的控制策略，对非目标物种和环境中的传播的影响最小。本文主要对 2020 年之前的噬藻体生命周期、多样性以及影响感染性的因素进行了详细综述，并讨论了噬藻体与北美七种主要的 cyanoHAB 形成属的宿主蓝藻之间的关系，包括：Microcystis，Anabaena，Nostoc，Aphanizomenon，Lyngbya，Planktothrix 和 Oscillatoria。最后，讨论了影响噬藻体作为 cyanoHAB 控制策略的潜在应用的因素，包括功效考虑、优化和大规模应用的可扩展性。
