Belke Terry W, Escoffery Emily X F H
Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada.
Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada.
Behav Processes. 2024 Feb;215:104991. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.104991. Epub 2024 Jan 20.
Extinction and positive contrast effects were assessed on a multiple schedule with lever pressing as the operant in one component and wheel running as the operant in the other component. FR 15 schedules produced 15% sucrose reinforcement in each component. Contrast for both operants was generated by placing responding in the alternate component on extinction. Results showed that extinction decreased and contrast increased both lever-pressing and wheel-running rates. However, the magnitude of the changes was greater for lever pressing. Extinction increased and contrast decreased postreinforcement pause (PRP) duration for lever pressing, but for wheel running, extinction decreased PRP duration while contrast did not change PRP duration. Finally, outcomes for lever pressing decreased with extinction and increased with contrast, but for wheel running, outcomes did not change with extinction and increased with contrast. These differences in contrast and extinction effects were explained by an automatic reinforcement effect generated by wheel-running, but not lever pressing. These findings provide further support for an automatic reinforcement effect generated by wheel running.
在一个多重强化程序中评估消退和正性对比效应，其中一个成分以杠杆按压作为操作反应，另一个成分以轮子转动作为操作反应。固定比率15的强化程序在每个成分中产生15%的蔗糖强化。通过在交替成分中使反应处于消退状态来产生两种操作反应的对比。结果表明，消退降低了杠杆按压和轮子转动的速率，而对比增加了这两种反应的速率。然而，杠杆按压的变化幅度更大。消退增加了杠杆按压的强化后停顿（PRP）持续时间，而对比则降低了该持续时间，但对于轮子转动，消退减少了PRP持续时间，而对比并未改变PRP持续时间。最后，杠杆按压的结果随着消退而降低，随着对比而增加，但对于轮子转动，结果并未随消退而改变，而是随着对比而增加。轮子转动产生的自动强化效应解释了对比和消退效应的这些差异。这些发现为轮子转动产生的自动强化效应提供了进一步的支持。
