Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St., Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St., Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St., Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2024 Apr;73:101121. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101121. Epub 2024 Jan 20.
Early life stress (ELS) is defined as an acute or chronic stressor that negatively impacts a child's development. ELS is associated with substance use and mental health problems. This narrative literature review focuses on sex and gender differences in the effects of ELS on 1) adolescent neuroendocrine development; 2) pubertal brain maturation; and 3) development of internalizing symptoms and subsequent substance use. We posit that ELS may generate larger hormonal dysregulation in females than males during puberty, increasing internalizing symptoms and substance use. Future research should consider sex and gender differences in neuroendocrine developmental processes when studying the link between ELS and negative health outcomes.
早期生活压力（ELS）被定义为对儿童发展产生负面影响的急性或慢性应激源。ELS 与物质使用和心理健康问题有关。本叙述性文献综述重点关注 ELS 对以下方面的影响的性别差异：1）青少年神经内分泌发育；2）青春期大脑成熟；3）内化症状的发展和随后的物质使用。我们假设，在青春期，ELS 可能会导致女性的激素失调比男性更大，从而增加内化症状和物质使用。未来的研究在研究 ELS 与负面健康结果之间的联系时，应该考虑神经内分泌发育过程中的性别差异。
