哺乳动物快速核型进化的机制。

Mechanisms of Rapid Karyotype Evolution in Mammals.

机构信息

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.

Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.

出版信息

Genes (Basel). 2023 Dec 31;15(1):62. doi: 10.3390/genes15010062.

DOI:10.3390/genes15010062

PMID:38254952

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10815390/

Abstract

Chromosome reshuffling events are often a foundational mechanism by which speciation can occur, giving rise to highly derivative karyotypes even amongst closely related species. Yet, the features that distinguish lineages prone to such rapid chromosome evolution from those that maintain stable karyotypes across evolutionary time are still to be defined. In this review, we summarize lineages prone to rapid karyotypic evolution in the context of Simpson's rates of evolution-tachytelic, horotelic, and bradytelic-and outline the mechanisms proposed to contribute to chromosome rearrangements, their fixation, and their potential impact on speciation events. Furthermore, we discuss relevant genomic features that underpin chromosome variation, including patterns of fusions/fissions, centromere positioning, and epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation. Finally, in the era of telomere-to-telomere genomics, we discuss the value of gapless genome resources to the future of research focused on the plasticity of highly rearranged karyotypes.

摘要

染色体重排事件通常是物种形成的基础机制，即使在密切相关的物种中，也会产生高度衍生的核型。然而，区分那些容易发生快速染色体进化的谱系与那些在进化过程中保持稳定核型的谱系的特征仍有待确定。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在辛普森进化速度的背景下容易发生快速核型进化的谱系——快速进化、中速进化和慢速进化，并概述了促进染色体重排、固定和对物种形成事件潜在影响的机制。此外，我们还讨论了支持染色体变异的相关基因组特征，包括融合/裂变模式、着丝粒定位和表观遗传标记，如 DNA 甲基化。最后，在端粒到端粒基因组学时代，我们讨论了无间隙基因组资源对未来研究高度重排核型可塑性的价值。