Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 16;25(2):1072. doi: 10.3390/ijms25021072.
While the vertebrate immune system consists of innate and adaptive branches, invertebrates only have innate immunity. This feature makes them an ideal model system for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of innate immunity without reciprocal interferences from adaptive immunity. Although invertebrate immunity is evolutionarily older and a precursor of vertebrate immunity, it is far from simple. Despite lacking lymphocytes and functional immunoglobulin, the invertebrate immune system has many sophisticated mechanisms and features, such as long-term immune memory, which, for decades, have been exclusively attributed to adaptive immunity. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular aspects of invertebrate immunity, including the epigenetic foundation of innate memory, the transgenerational inheritance of immunity, genetic immunity against invading transposons, the mechanisms of self-recognition, natural transplantation, and germ/somatic cell parasitism.
脊椎动物的免疫系统由先天免疫和适应性免疫组成，而无脊椎动物只有先天免疫。这一特点使它们成为研究先天免疫的细胞和分子机制的理想模型系统，而不会受到适应性免疫的相互干扰。尽管无脊椎动物的免疫是进化上更早的、脊椎动物免疫的前身，但它远非简单的。尽管无脊椎动物缺乏淋巴细胞和功能性免疫球蛋白，但它们的免疫系统具有许多复杂的机制和特征，例如长期的免疫记忆，这几十年来一直被认为是适应性免疫所特有的。在这篇综述中，我们描述了无脊椎动物免疫的细胞和分子方面，包括先天记忆的表观遗传基础、免疫的跨代遗传、针对入侵转座子的遗传免疫、自我识别的机制、自然移植以及生殖/体细胞寄生。
