Pozhvanov Gregory, Suslov Dmitry
Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Laboratory of Analytical Phytochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Jan 11;13(2):209. doi: 10.3390/plants13020209.
Gravitropism is the plant organ bending in response to gravity. Gravitropism, phototropism and sufficient mechanical strength define the optimal position of young shoots for photosynthesis. Etiolated wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings grown horizontally in the presence of sucrose had a lot more upright hypocotyls than seedlings grown without sucrose. We studied the mechanism of this effect at the level of cell wall biomechanics and biochemistry. Sucrose strengthened the bases of hypocotyls and decreased the content of mannans in their cell walls. As sucrose is known to increase the gravitropic bending of hypocotyls, and mannans have recently been shown to interfere with this process, we examined if the effect of sucrose on shoot gravitropism could be partially mediated by mannans. We compared cell wall biomechanics and metabolomics of hypocotyls at the early steps of gravitropic bending in Col-0 plants grown with sucrose and mannan-deficient mutant seedlings. Sucrose and mannans affected gravitropic bending via different mechanisms. Sucrose exerted its effect through cell wall-loosening proteins, while mannans changed the walls' viscoelasticity. Our data highlight the complexity of shoot gravitropism control at the cell wall level.
向重力性是植物器官对重力作出的弯曲反应。向重力性、向光性和足够的机械强度决定了幼嫩茎干进行光合作用的最佳位置。在蔗糖存在的情况下水平生长的黄化野生型拟南芥幼苗,其下胚轴比在无蔗糖条件下生长的幼苗更加直立。我们从细胞壁生物力学和生物化学层面研究了这种效应的机制。蔗糖强化了下胚轴基部,并降低了其细胞壁中甘露聚糖的含量。由于已知蔗糖会增加下胚轴的向重力性弯曲,且最近研究表明甘露聚糖会干扰这一过程,我们研究了蔗糖对茎干向重力性的影响是否部分由甘露聚糖介导。我们比较了在蔗糖培养的Col-0植株和甘露聚糖缺陷型突变体幼苗向重力性弯曲早期阶段下胚轴的细胞壁生物力学和代谢组学。蔗糖和甘露聚糖通过不同机制影响向重力性弯曲。蔗糖通过细胞壁松弛蛋白发挥作用,而甘露聚糖改变了细胞壁的粘弹性。我们的数据凸显了在细胞壁层面控制茎干向重力性的复杂性。