Monecke Stefan, Braun Sascha D, Collatz Maximillian, Diezel Celia, Müller Elke, Reinicke Martin, Cabal Rosel Adriana, Feßler Andrea T, Hanke Dennis, Loncaric Igor, Schwarz Stefan, Cortez de Jäckel Sonia, Ruppitsch Werner, Gavier-Widén Dolores, Hotzel Helmut, Ehricht Ralf
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany.
InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Microorganisms. 2024 Jan 3;12(1):96. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12010096.
is a versatile pathogen that does not only occur in humans but also in various wild and domestic animals, including several avian species. When characterizing isolates from waterfowl, isolates were identified as atypical CC133 by DNA microarray analysis. They differed from previously sequenced CC133 strains in the presence of the collagen adhesin gene ; some also showed a different capsule type and a deviant type. Thus, they were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. This revealed multiple insertions of large regions of DNA from other lineages into a CC133-derived backbone genome. Three distinct strains were identified based on the size and extent of these inserts. One strain comprised two small inserts of foreign DNA up- and downstream of ; one of about 7000 nt or 0.25% originated from CC692 and the other, at ca. 38,000 nt or 1.3% slightly larger one was of CC522 provenance. The second strain carried a larger CC692 insert (nearly 257,000 nt or 10% of the strain's genome), and its CC522-derived insert was also larger, at about 53,500 nt or 2% of the genome). The third strain carried an identical CC692-derived region (in which the same mutations were observed as in the second strain), but it had a considerably larger CC522-like insertion of about 167,000 nt or 5.9% of the genome. Both isolates of the first, and two out of four isolates of the second strain also harbored a hemolysin-beta-integrating prophage carrying "bird-specific" virulence factors, ornithine cyclodeaminase D0K6J8 and a putative protease D0K6J9. Furthermore, isolates had two different variants of SCC elements that lacked genes. These findings highlight the role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of facilitated by SCC elements, by phages, and by a yet undescribed mechanism for large-scale exchange of core genomic DNA.
是一种多宿主病原体，不仅存在于人类中，还存在于各种野生动物和家畜中，包括几种禽类。在对水禽分离株进行特征分析时，通过DNA微阵列分析将分离株鉴定为非典型CC133。它们与先前测序的CC133菌株的不同之处在于存在胶原蛋白粘附素基因；一些还表现出不同的荚膜类型和不同的血清型。因此，对它们进行了全基因组测序。这揭示了来自其他谱系的大片段DNA多次插入到CC133衍生的骨干基因组中。根据这些插入片段的大小和范围鉴定出三种不同的菌株。一种菌株在某基因的上下游包含两个小的外源DNA插入片段；一个约7000 nt或0.25%的片段源自CC692，另一个约38000 nt或1.3%稍大的片段源自CC522。第二种菌株携带一个更大的CC692插入片段（近257000 nt或该菌株基因组的10%），其源自CC522的插入片段也更大，约53500 nt或基因组的2%。第三种菌株携带一个相同的源自CC692的区域（在其中观察到与第二种菌株相同的突变），但它有一个相当大的类似CC522的插入片段，约1670 n或基因组的5.9%。第一种菌株的两个分离株以及第二种菌株的四个分离株中的两个还携带一种整合有溶血素β的原噬菌体，其携带“鸟类特异性”毒力因子、鸟氨酸环脱氨酶D0K6J8和一种假定的蛋白酶D0K6J9。此外，分离株有两种不同的缺乏某些基因的SCC元件变体。这些发现突出了水平基因转移在由SCC元件、噬菌体以及一种尚未描述的核心基因组DNA大规模交换机制所推动的该病原体进化中的作用。
