Aliannezhadi Maryam, Mirsanaee Seyedeh Zahra, Jamali Mohaddeseh, Shariatmadar Tehrani Fatemeh
Faculty of Physics, Semnan University, PO Box: 35195-363, Semnan, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 23;14(1):2035. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52455-z.
The green synthesis method which is aligned with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) theory, is proposed to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using ginger extract to treat the acidic wastewater and acidic factory effluent as a current challenge and the effects of the concentration of extracts on the synthesized ZnO nanostructures are investigated. The results declare that the single-phase hexagonal ZnO is formed using ginger extract concentration of less than 25 mL and the crystallite size of green synthesized ZnO NPs increased with increasing the concentration of ginger extract. Also, the significant effects of ginger extract concentration on the morphology of nanoparticles (nanocone, nanoflakes, and flower-like) and the particle size are demonstrated. The low concentration of ginger extract leads to the formation of the ZnO nanoflakes, while the flower-like structure is gradually completed by increasing the concentration of the ginger extract. Furthermore, significant changes in the specific surface area (SSA) of the samples are observed (in the range of 6.1-27.7 m/g) by the variation of ginger extract concentration and the best SSA is related to using 10 mL ginger extract. Also, the strong effect of using ginger extract on the reflectance spectra of the green synthesized ZnO NPs, especially in the UV region is proved. The indirect (direct) band gap energies of the ZnO samples are obtained in the range of 3.09-3.20 eV (3.32-3.38 eV). Furthermore, the photocatalytic activities of the samples for the degradation of methylene blue indicate the impressive effect of ginger extract concentration on the degradation efficiency of ZnO nanoparticles and it reaches up to 44% and 83% for ZnO NPs prepared using 5 mL ginger extract in a pH of 4.3 and 5.6, respectively. This study provided new insights into the fabrication and practical application of high-performance ZnO photocatalysts synthesized using ginger extract in degrading organic pollutants in an acidic solution.
提出了一种符合可持续发展目标（SDGs）理论的绿色合成方法，即使用生姜提取物合成氧化锌纳米颗粒，以处理酸性废水和酸性工厂废水这一当前挑战，并研究了提取物浓度对合成的氧化锌纳米结构的影响。结果表明，使用浓度小于25 mL的生姜提取物可形成单相六方氧化锌，绿色合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒的微晶尺寸随生姜提取物浓度的增加而增大。此外，还证明了生姜提取物浓度对纳米颗粒形态（纳米锥、纳米片和花状）和粒径有显著影响。低浓度的生姜提取物导致氧化锌纳米片的形成，而随着生姜提取物浓度的增加，花状结构逐渐完善。此外，通过改变生姜提取物浓度，观察到样品的比表面积（SSA）有显著变化（范围为6.1 - 27.7 m/g），最佳SSA与使用10 mL生姜提取物有关。还证明了使用生姜提取物对绿色合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒的反射光谱有强烈影响，特别是在紫外区域。氧化锌样品的间接（直接）带隙能量在3.09 - 3.
