Pucciarelli H M, Oyhenart E E
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1987 Jan;72(1):67-75. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330720109.
Adult Holtzman rats were submitted during suckling period to a food restriction with or without protein or carbohydrate restoration. Twenty-one-day-old weanling pups were compared with controls of 9, 13, 17, and 21 days of age. Lateral craniofacial roentgenographies were taken. The length in midsagittal plane of each bone and its angle with respect to the vestibular line were measured in males. In females, the brain and the left masseter muscle were weighed, and the muscle/brain ratios (neuromuscular index) were calculated. Food restriction altered skull size and shape. Size changes were due to arrested lengths in all studied skull bones. Shape variation was evident by orthocephalization changes, reflected in angulation changes of bones belonging to the frontoethmofacial (frontal, nasal, and maxillary bones) and to the occipitointerparietal (interparietal bone) complexes. Partial restorations by both protein or carbohydrate supplementation were found. Nutritional stresses during lactation affected orthocephalization through an altered growth ratio between two soft tissues functionally associated to the craniofacial complex: brain and masticatory muscles.
成年霍尔茨曼大鼠在哺乳期接受有或无蛋白质或碳水化合物补充的食物限制。将21日龄的断奶幼崽与9日龄、13日龄、17日龄和21日龄的对照幼崽进行比较。拍摄了颅面外侧X线片。测量了雄性大鼠每块骨骼矢状面中部的长度及其相对于前庭线的角度。对雌性大鼠的大脑和左侧咬肌进行称重，并计算肌肉/大脑比率（神经肌肉指数）。食物限制改变了颅骨的大小和形状。大小变化是由于所有研究的颅骨骨骼长度停滞所致。通过正颅化变化可明显看出形状变异，这反映在属于额筛面部（额骨、鼻骨和上颌骨）和枕顶间部（顶间骨）复合体的骨骼角度变化上。发现通过补充蛋白质或碳水化合物均可部分恢复。哺乳期的营养应激通过改变与颅面复合体功能相关的两种软组织（大脑和咀嚼肌）之间的生长比率影响正颅化。
