Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment "Prof. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovich," Trakia University, Stara Zagora, 6000, Bulgaria.
Department "Neurology, Psychiatry, Psychology," Medical Faculty of University "Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov," Burgas, 8000, Bulgaria.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2024;24(20):1784-1798. doi: 10.2174/0115680266282773240116073618.
Psychosis, marked by the emergence of psychotic symptoms, delves into the intricate dance of neurotransmitter dynamics, prominently featuring dopamine as a key orchestrator. In individuals living with psychotic conditions, the finely tuned balance of dopamine becomes disrupted, setting off a cascade of perceptual distortions and the manifestation of psychotic symptoms. A lot of factors can impact dopamine metabolism, further complicating its effects. From genetic predispositions to environmental stressors and inflammation, the delicate equilibrium is susceptible to various influences. The sensorium, the origin of incoming information, loses its intrinsic valence in this complex interplay. The concept of the "signal-to-noise ratio" encapsulates dopamine's role as a molecular switch in neural networks, influencing the flow of information serving the basic biological functions. This nuanced modulation acts as a cognitive prism, shaping how the world is perceived. However, in psychosis, this balance is disrupted, steering individuals away from a shared reality. Understanding dopamine's centrality requires acknowledging its unique status among neurotransmitters. Unlike strictly excitatory or inhibitory counterparts, dopamine's versatility allows it to toggle between roles and act as a cognitive director in the neural orchestra. Disruptions in dopamine synthesis, exchange, and receptor representation set off a chain reaction, impacting the delivery of biologically crucial information. The essence of psychosis is intricately woven into the delicate biochemical ballet choreographed by dopamine. The disruption of this neurotransmitter not only distorts reality but fundamentally reshapes the cognitive and behavioral field of our experience. Recognizing dopamine's role as a cognitive prism provides vital insights into the multifaceted nature of psychotic conditions, offering avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring this delicate neurotransmitter balance.
精神病,以精神病症状的出现为特征,深入研究神经递质动态的错综复杂的舞蹈,突出表现为多巴胺作为关键的协调者。在患有精神病的个体中,多巴胺的精细平衡被打破,引发一连串的感知扭曲和精神病症状的表现。许多因素可以影响多巴胺代谢,进一步使它的影响复杂化。从遗传倾向到环境压力和炎症,微妙的平衡容易受到各种影响。感觉,即传入信息的来源,在这种复杂的相互作用中失去了其内在的价值。“信号与噪声比”的概念包含了多巴胺作为神经网络中分子开关的作用,影响了为基本生物功能服务的信息流动。这种细致的调节作用作为认知棱镜,塑造了人们对世界的感知方式。然而,在精神病中,这种平衡被打破,使个体远离共同的现实。理解多巴胺的核心作用需要承认它在神经递质中的独特地位。与严格的兴奋性或抑制性对应物不同,多巴胺的多功能性使其能够在角色之间转换,并在神经乐团中充当认知指挥。多巴胺合成、交换和受体表达的中断引发了连锁反应,影响了生物重要信息的传递。精神病的本质错综复杂地交织在多巴胺精心编排的微妙生化芭蕾舞中。这种神经递质的紊乱不仅扭曲了现实,而且从根本上重塑了我们经验的认知和行为领域。认识到多巴胺作为认知棱镜的作用,为理解精神病的多面性质提供了重要的见解,并为旨在恢复这种微妙的神经递质平衡的靶向治疗干预提供了途径。