Xuan Yi, Wang Cong, Ghatak Subhadip, Sen Chandan K
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Jan 19;14(2):217. doi: 10.3390/nano14020217.
Tissue nanotransfection (TNT), a cutting-edge technique of in vivo gene therapy, has gained substantial attention in various applications ranging from in vivo tissue reprogramming in regenerative medicine, and wound healing to cancer treatment. This technique harnesses the advancements in the semiconductor processes, facilitating the integration of conventional transdermal gene delivery methods-nanoelectroporation and microneedle technologies. TNT silicon chips have demonstrated considerable promise in reprogramming fibroblast cells of skin in vivo into vascular or neural cells in preclinical studies to assist in the recovery of injured limbs and damaged brain tissue. More recently, the application of TNT chips has been extended to the area of exosomes, which are vital for intracellular communication to track their functionality during the wound healing process. In this review, we provide an in-depth examination of the design, fabrication, and applications of TNT silicon chips, alongside a critical analysis of the electroporation-based gene transfer mechanisms. Additionally, the review discussed the existing limitations and challenges in the current technique, which may project future trajectories in the landscape of gene therapy. Through this exploration, the review aims to shed light on the prospects of TNT in the broader context of gene therapy and tissue regeneration.
组织纳米转染（TNT）是一种前沿的体内基因治疗技术，在从再生医学中的体内组织重编程、伤口愈合到癌症治疗等各种应用中受到了广泛关注。该技术利用了半导体工艺的进步，促进了传统经皮基因递送方法——纳米电穿孔和微针技术的整合。在临床前研究中，TNT硅芯片已在将皮肤成纤维细胞体内重编程为血管或神经细胞以协助受伤肢体和受损脑组织恢复方面展现出了巨大潜力。最近，TNT芯片的应用已扩展到外泌体领域，外泌体对细胞内通讯至关重要，可用于追踪其在伤口愈合过程中的功能。在本综述中，我们深入研究了TNT硅芯片的设计、制造和应用，同时对基于电穿孔的基因转移机制进行了批判性分析。此外，该综述还讨论了当前技术中存在的局限性和挑战，这可能预示着基因治疗领域未来的发展轨迹。通过这一探索，本综述旨在阐明TNT在更广泛的基因治疗和组织再生背景下的前景。
