Kasal Darshan N, Warner Lindsey M, Bryant Astra S, Tait Wojno Elia, von Moltke Jakob
Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; email:
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Jun;42(1):259-288. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-101331. Epub 2024 Jun 14.
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection has applied significant evolutionary pressure to the mammalian immune system and remains a global economic and human health burden. Upon infection, type 2 immune sentinels activate a common antihelminth response that mobilizes and remodels the intestinal tissue for effector function; however, there is growing appreciation of the impact GIN infection also has on the distal tissue immune state. Indeed, this effect is observed even in tissues through which GINs never transit. This review highlights how GIN infection modulates systemic immunity through () induction of host resistance and tolerance responses, () secretion of immunomodulatory products, and () interaction with the intestinal microbiome. It also discusses the direct consequences that changes to distal tissue immunity can have for concurrent and subsequent infection, chronic noncommunicable diseases, and vaccination efficacy.
胃肠道线虫（GIN）感染对哺乳动物免疫系统施加了巨大的进化压力，并且仍然是全球经济和人类健康的负担。感染后，2型免疫哨兵激活一种常见的抗蠕虫反应，该反应动员并重塑肠道组织以发挥效应功能；然而，人们越来越认识到GIN感染对远端组织免疫状态的影响。事实上，即使在GIN从未通过的组织中也观察到了这种效应。本综述强调了GIN感染如何通过（1）诱导宿主抗性和耐受性反应、（2）分泌免疫调节产物以及（3）与肠道微生物群相互作用来调节全身免疫。它还讨论了远端组织免疫变化对同时发生和随后感染、慢性非传染性疾病以及疫苗接种效果可能产生的直接后果。
