Goncalves-Garcia Monica, Hamilton Derek Alexander
Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2024 Jan 12;16:1326089. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1326089. eCollection 2023.
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been extensively studied for its profound impact on neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive outcomes. While PAE, particularly at moderate levels, has long-lasting cognitive implications for the exposed individuals, there remains a substantial gap in our understanding of the precise mechanisms underlying these deficits. This review provides a framework for comprehending the neurobiological basis of learning and memory processes that are negatively impacted by PAE. Sex differences, diverse PAE protocols, and the timing of exposure are explored as potential variables influencing the diverse outcomes of PAE on long-term potentiation (LTP). Additionally, potential interventions, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, are reviewed, offering promising avenues for mitigating the detrimental effects of PAE on cognitive processes. While significant progress has been made, further research is required to enhance our understanding of how prenatal alcohol exposure affects neural plasticity and cognitive functions and to develop effective therapeutic interventions for those impacted. Ultimately, this work aims to advance the comprehension of the consequences of PAE on the brain and cognitive functions.
产前酒精暴露（PAE）因其对神经发育、突触可塑性和认知结果的深远影响而受到广泛研究。虽然PAE，尤其是中等水平的PAE，对暴露个体具有长期的认知影响，但我们对这些缺陷背后的确切机制的理解仍存在很大差距。本综述提供了一个框架，用于理解受PAE负面影响的学习和记忆过程的神经生物学基础。探讨了性别差异、不同的PAE方案以及暴露时间作为影响PAE对长时程增强（LTP）产生不同结果的潜在变量。此外，还综述了潜在的药物和非药物干预措施，为减轻PAE对认知过程的有害影响提供了有希望的途径。虽然已经取得了重大进展，但仍需要进一步研究，以加深我们对产前酒精暴露如何影响神经可塑性和认知功能的理解，并为受影响者开发有效的治疗干预措施。最终，这项工作旨在推进对PAE对大脑和认知功能影响的理解。
