RKBU Vest, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024 Aug;33(8):2813-2822. doi: 10.1007/s00787-023-02364-9. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
This study aimed to examine protective factors associated with resilience among unaccompanied refugee minors in comparison to their Norwegian peers and to examine associations between resilience factors and characteristics related to positive outcomes among unaccompanied minors. Data stem from the Pathways to Independence study conducted in Bergen municipality, Norway in 2018-2019 where 81 unaccompanied minors aged 15-20 participated (83.3% male; 80% response rate). An age- and sex-matched control group of 324 adolescents was retrieved from the youth@hordaland study conducted in Norway in 2012. Resilience factors were assessed by the Resilience Scale for Adolescents. Unaccompanied minors reported lower scores on Goal Orientation (d = 0.4), Social Competence (d = 0.4), and Social Support (d = 0.7) compared to Norwegian adolescents. Being male was associated with lower scores on Goal Orientation (standardized mean difference [SMD] = - 0.9) and Social Support (SMD = - 0.9) among unaccompanied minors, while being in frequent contact with family in the home country was associated with higher scores on all resilience factors (SMD range = 0.6-1.1). The number of leisure activities was associated with Social Competence (SMD = 0.22). There were no significant associations between the resilience factors and amount of support in the living arrangements or contact with the child welfare services. Unaccompanied minors reported fewer resilience factors compared to Norwegian adolescents, indicating that they may have different needs compared to other adolescents. Our study also suggests that frequent contact with family in the home country may be important to bolster positive development for unaccompanied minors after settlement.
本研究旨在考察与挪威同龄人相比，孤身未成年难民的适应力相关的保护因素，并考察适应力因素与孤身未成年难民积极结果相关特征之间的关联。数据来自 2018-2019 年在挪威卑尔根市进行的《独立之路研究》，其中 81 名 15-20 岁的孤身未成年难民参与（83.3%为男性；80%的回复率）。通过挪威 2012 年开展的《青年@霍达兰研究》，获取了一个年龄和性别匹配的 324 名青少年对照组。通过青少年适应力量表评估适应力因素。与挪威青少年相比，孤身未成年难民的目标定向（d=0.4）、社会能力（d=0.4）和社会支持（d=0.7）得分较低。男性孤身未成年难民的目标定向（标准化均数差 [SMD]=-0.9）和社会支持（SMD=-0.9）得分较低，而与原籍国的家人保持频繁联系与所有适应力因素的得分较高有关（SMD 范围为 0.6-1.1）。休闲活动的数量与社会能力有关（SMD=0.22）。适应力因素与生活安排中的支持数量或与儿童福利服务的联系之间没有显著关联。与挪威青少年相比，孤身未成年难民报告的适应力因素较少，这表明他们可能与其他青少年有不同的需求。我们的研究还表明，与原籍国的家人保持频繁联系可能对孤身未成年难民在定居后的积极发展很重要。
