Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine 2D Barcodes Team, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Appl Clin Inform. 2024 Mar;15(2):265-273. doi: 10.1055/a-2255-9749. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
Manual data entry is time-consuming, inefficient, and error prone. In contrast, leveraging two-dimensional (2D) barcodes and barcode scanning tools is a rapid and effective practice for automatically entering vaccine data accurately and completely. CDC pilots documented clinical and public health impacts of 2D barcode scanning practices on data quality and completeness, time savings, workflow efficiencies, and staff experience.
Data entry practices and entered records from routine and mass vaccination settings were analyzed. Data quality improvement opportunities were identified.
A sample of 50 million emergency use authorization (EUA) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine records were analyzed for accuracy and completeness across three data fields: lot number, expiration date, and National Drug Code (NDC). The EUA COVID-19 vaccines lacked a 2D barcode containing these data fields, which necessitated manual data entry at administration. A CDC pilot at clinic compared scanned and manually entered data for routine vaccines across these same data fields.
Analysis of 50 million manually entered EUA COVID-19 vaccine administration records indicated significant gaps in data accuracy and completeness across three data fields. Over half of the analyzed EUA vaccine NDCs (53%) and one-third of the expiration dates (35%) had missing or inaccurate data recorded. Pilot data also showed many errors when manually entered. However, when the pilot's routine vaccines were scanned (out of 71,969 records), nearly all entries were complete and accurate across all three data fields (ranging from 99.7% to 99.999% accurate).
Vaccine 2D barcode scanning practices increased data accuracy and completeness (up to 99.999% accurate) across data fields assessed. When used consistently, vaccine 2D barcode scanning can resolve issues demonstrated in manually entered data. To realize these benefits, the immunization community should widely use scanning practices. To increase use, CDC developed a Vaccine 2D Barcode National Adoption Strategy and implementation resources.
手动录入数据既耗时又低效，且容易出错。相比之下，利用二维（2D）条码和条码扫描工具可以快速有效地准确、完整地输入疫苗数据。疾病预防控制中心（CDC）试点项目记录了二维条码扫描实践对数据质量和完整性、节省时间、工作流程效率和员工体验的临床和公共卫生影响。
分析常规和大规模疫苗接种环境中的数据录入实践和录入记录，确定数据质量改进机会。
对 5000 万份紧急使用授权（EUA）的 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗记录进行分析，以评估三个数据字段（批号、有效期和国家药品代码[NDC]）的准确性和完整性。EUA COVID-19 疫苗缺乏包含这些数据字段的 2D 条码，因此在接种时需要手动录入数据。CDC 试点项目在诊所比较了常规疫苗的扫描数据和手动录入数据，比较的字段相同。
对 5000 万份手动录入的 EUA COVID-19 疫苗接种记录进行分析，发现三个数据字段的准确性和完整性存在显著差距。分析的 EUA 疫苗 NDC 中有一半以上（53%）和三分之一的有效期（35%）数据缺失或不准确。试点数据也显示手动录入时存在许多错误。然而，当扫描试点的常规疫苗记录（71969 条记录）时，所有三个数据字段的录入几乎都是完整且准确的（准确率高达 99.7%至 99.999%）。
疫苗 2D 条码扫描实践提高了数据字段的准确性和完整性（高达 99.999%准确）。当一致使用时，疫苗 2D 条码扫描可以解决手动录入数据中存在的问题。为了实现这些好处，免疫接种界应广泛采用扫描实践。为了增加使用量，CDC 制定了疫苗 2D 条码国家采用策略和实施资源。
