Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan.
Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Japan.
Psychogeriatrics. 2024 Mar;24(2):355-368. doi: 10.1111/psyg.13082. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
Physical activity significantly contributes to older adults' physical and mental health, suggesting that physical activity could enhance healthy life expectancy. Despite its importance for adults aged 75 and older, activity levels among a large proportion of individuals aged 75 and older in Japan do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity, indicating a need for specific strategies tailored to this age group. This study aimed to develop a screening tool that measures daily activities promoting physical activity among older adults and assessed its content and face validity.
In Stage 1, we derived constructs pertinent to physical activity from previous literature and formulated an item list based on a prior qualitative study we undertook in Japan that evaluated daily behaviours facilitating physical activity among older adults. During Stage 2, we assessed the content and face validity of the list utilising the Nominal Group Technique (NGT), involving eight experts. The content validity was confirmed through two scoring evaluation rounds, while the face validity was verified through the NGT discussion, focusing on the comprehensibility and appropriateness of the tool.
We created a tool with 22 items consisting of three constructs. The NGT participants modified eight of these items for the final assessment, resulting in a finalised tool comprising 22 items that satisfied the adaptation criteria. The content validity of these items was affirmed by median adequacy (>5.0 points) and interquartile range (<1.0 points). The NGT discussion consensus also confirmed satisfactory face validity.
The newly developed tool, Checklist for Habitual Physical Activity (CHaPA) for adults 75 years and older, is a valid screening tool to assess the daily behaviours that facilitate physical activity. This self-administered instrument aims to assist older adults who need to start and maintain physical activity daily. Before its widespread public deployment, further investigation of the tool's validity and reliability is necessary.
体力活动对老年人的身心健康有重要影响，这表明体力活动可以延长健康预期寿命。尽管对于 75 岁及以上的成年人来说，体力活动非常重要，但日本相当一部分 75 岁及以上人群的活动水平并未达到推荐的体力活动水平，这表明需要针对这一年龄组制定具体策略。本研究旨在开发一种衡量 75 岁及以上老年人日常活动促进体力活动的筛查工具，并评估其内容和表面有效性。
在第 1 阶段，我们从先前的文献中得出与体力活动相关的结构，并根据我们在日本进行的一项评估促进老年人体力活动的日常行为的定性研究制定了一份项目清单。在第 2 阶段，我们利用名义团体技术（NGT）评估了清单的内容和表面有效性，涉及 8 名专家。内容有效性通过两轮评分评估来确认，而表面有效性则通过 NGT 讨论来验证，重点关注工具的可理解性和适当性。
我们创建了一个包含 22 个项目的工具，分为三个结构。NGT 参与者对其中的 8 个项目进行了最终评估的修改，最终形成了一个包含 22 个项目的工具，这些项目满足了适应标准。这些项目的内容有效性得到了肯定，中位数充足性（>5.0 分）和四分位距（<1.0 分）。NGT 讨论的共识也证实了令人满意的表面有效性。
新开发的工具，习惯性体力活动检查表（CHaPA），是一种评估促进体力活动的日常行为的有效筛查工具。这个自我管理的工具旨在帮助需要开始并保持日常体力活动的老年人。在广泛推广之前，还需要进一步研究该工具的有效性和可靠性。
