Consoli Senno Michella Vicenza, Robles Ruíz Julissa Janet
Division of orthodontic, Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú.
Rev Cient Odontol (Lima). 2023 Sep 26;11(3):e168. doi: 10.21142/2523-2754-1103-2023-168. eCollection 2023 Jul-Sep.
The purpose of this literature review is to provide scientific evidence on the characteristics of white spot lesions (WSL) during orthodontic treatment, their incidence, prevalence, risk factors related to their development, progression, and regression, as well as explain the most used diagnostic methods.
An exhaustive search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct and Embase up to the date of November 30, 2022. Cross-sectional studies that evaluated white spot lesions before and after orthodontic treatments were included. Two researchers carefully selected the articles evaluated and analyzed different key topics on the subject.
It was found that the prevalence and incidence of white spots during orthodontic treatment varies widely depending on the diagnostic method used, the type of orthodontic technique used and the time of orthodontic treatment. The incidence of white spot lesions is highest in patients treated with conventional braces, followed by those who used self-ligating braces, and was lowest in patients who used aligners. The most affected teeth are the upper lateral incisors and upper maxillary canines at the level of the gingival third.
The incidence of white spots is associated with orthodontic treatment, being closely related to the treatment technique used and the treatment time. There is a regression of the LMB during the first year after removal of the appliance.
本综述的目的是提供有关正畸治疗期间白斑病变（WSL）的特征、发病率、患病率、与病变发展、进展和消退相关的危险因素的科学证据，并解释最常用的诊断方法。
截至2022年11月30日，在PubMed、Scopus、Science Direct和Embase数据库中进行了详尽的检索。纳入了评估正畸治疗前后白斑病变的横断面研究。两名研究人员仔细筛选了评估的文章，并分析了该主题的不同关键要点。
发现正畸治疗期间白斑的患病率和发病率因所使用的诊断方法、正畸技术类型和正畸治疗时间而异。使用传统矫治器治疗的患者中白斑病变的发病率最高，其次是使用自锁矫治器的患者，而使用隐形矫治器的患者发病率最低。受影响最严重的牙齿是牙龈三分之一水平处的上颌侧切牙和上颌尖牙。
白斑的发病率与正畸治疗有关，与所使用的治疗技术和治疗时间密切相关。去除矫治器后的第一年，白斑病变会出现消退。
