Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2024;24(15):1291-1326. doi: 10.2174/0115680266276938240108060247.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) refer to bacteria other than all species that do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy, excluding the species of the complex, . NTM are ubiquitous and present in soils and natural waters. NTM can survive in a wide range of environmental conditions. The direct inoculum of the NTM from water or other materials is most likely a source of infections. NTMs are responsible for several illnesses, including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pneumoconiosis, and pulmonary disease. Recent reports suggest that NTM species have become insensitive to sterilizing agents, antiseptics, and disinfectants. The efficacy of existing anti-NTM regimens is diminishing and has been compromised due to drug resistance. New and recurring cases of multidrug-resistant NTM strains are increasing. Thus, there is an urgent need for ant-NTM regimens with novel modes of action. This review sheds light on the mode of antimicrobial resistance in the NTM species. Then, we discussed the repurposable drugs (antibiotics) that have shown new indications (activity against NTM strains) that could be developed for treating NTM infections. Also, we have summarised recently identified natural leads acting against NTM, which have the potential for treating NTM-associated infections.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）是指除引起结核和麻风病的所有种以外的细菌，不包括复合体的种。NTM 广泛存在于土壤和天然水中。NTM 可以在广泛的环境条件下生存。水或其他材料中 NTM 的直接接种物很可能是感染源。NTM 可引起多种疾病，包括肺泡蛋白沉积症、囊性纤维化、支气管扩张、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺部疾病。最近的报告表明，NTM 物种对杀菌剂、防腐剂和消毒剂的敏感性降低。由于耐药性，现有的抗 NTM 方案的疗效正在减弱。多药耐药性 NTM 菌株的新发病例和复发病例正在增加。因此，迫切需要具有新型作用模式的抗 NTM 方案。本综述阐明了 NTM 物种的抗菌耐药模式。然后，我们讨论了显示出新适应症（针对 NTM 菌株的活性）的可重新利用药物（抗生素），这些药物可用于治疗 NTM 感染。此外，我们还总结了最近发现的针对 NTM 的天然先导化合物，它们具有治疗与 NTM 相关感染的潜力。
