Heat shock induced changes in the gene expression of terminally differentiating avian red blood cells.

Reticulocytes, purified from the blood of quail and chickens recovering from anaemia, respond to heat shock by the new and (or) enhanced synthesis of heat-shock protein (HSPs) with relative molecular masses of greater than 400,000, 90,000, 70,000, and 26,000 (quail) or 24,000 (chicken) and the depressed synthesis of many proteins normally produced at a control temperature. The synthesis of these HSPs is noncoordinate since the expression of each protein depends upon the particular temperature and duration of the time at that temperature. Separation of proteins from quail reticulocytes into Triton X-100 soluble and insoluble fractions demonstrates that the 70,000 and 26,000 Da HSPs are found in both fractions, whereas the greater than 400,000 and 90,000 Da HSPs are located only in the detergent-soluble fraction. Triton X-100 fractionation also reveals that there are three isoelectric variants of the 70,000 Da HSP and that they are constitutively synthesized and selectively partitioned between cellular compartments. Heat shock induced synthesis of the 90,000, 70,000, and 26,000 Da quail HSPs is prevented by actinomycin D, while enhanced synthesis of the greater than 400,000 Da HSP is unaffected by this inhibitor. These results demonstrate that nucleated, terminally differentiating avian red blood cells are capable of responding to heat stress by rapid changes in their highly restricted "program" of gene expression.