Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, McGill Medical School, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Faculty of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
J Occup Health. 2024 Jan 4;66(1). doi: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae005.
Stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 global pandemic created unprecedented challenges for workers whose work was transferred to the home setting. Little is presently known about the benefits and the challenges associated with global remote work on well-being and mental health, work-life balance, job satisfaction, productivity, home office adaptability, and gender equality.
A scoping review of PubMed/Medline was undertaken in October 2021 to better understand these broad dimensions associated with remote worker health, well-being, and the home office workspace. The review focused on white-collar workers who undertook remote work during each of the lockdown waves from March 2020 to 2021.
A total of 62 studies were included in the review, which spanned Asia, North America, South America, and Europe. Overall, workers seemed to enjoy remote work, but productivity varied. The main setbacks associated with remote work included feelings of isolation and loneliness, which negatively influenced well-being. Social support from management and contact with colleagues mitigated this. Leadership style also influenced remote worker well-being. Overall, women suffered from lower levels of remote work well-being and productivity, especially if they had children. The home office and its adaptability were integral for successful remote work. Work-life balance was affected in some workers who struggled with heavier workloads or family duties.
To promote well-being and successful remote work, isolation and loneliness should be reduced through greater contact with colleagues and managers. Managers should promote family friendly policies that may support work-life balance and reduce gender inequities in remote work.
在 COVID-19 全球大流行期间，居家令给那些工作转移到家庭环境中的劳动者带来了前所未有的挑战。目前，人们对全球远程工作对幸福感和心理健康、工作生活平衡、工作满意度、生产力、家庭办公适应性和性别平等相关的好处和挑战知之甚少。
2021 年 10 月，我们对 PubMed/Medline 进行了范围综述，以更好地了解与远程工作者健康、幸福感和家庭办公空间相关的这些广泛维度。该综述重点关注在 2020 年 3 月至 2021 年期间每个封锁浪潮期间从事远程工作的白领工人。
该综述共纳入了 62 项研究，涵盖了亚洲、北美、南美和欧洲。总体而言，劳动者似乎喜欢远程工作，但生产力存在差异。远程工作的主要障碍包括孤立感和孤独感，这对幸福感产生负面影响。管理层的社会支持和与同事的联系减轻了这种影响。领导风格也影响远程工作者的幸福感。总体而言，女性远程工作的幸福感和生产力水平较低，尤其是有孩子的女性。家庭办公及其适应性对于成功的远程工作至关重要。一些劳动者因工作量增加或家庭责任而感到工作生活平衡受到影响。
为了促进幸福感和成功的远程工作，应通过与同事和管理层更多的联系来减少孤立感和孤独感。管理者应推行有利于家庭的政策，这可能有助于工作生活平衡并减少远程工作中的性别不平等。
