Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, and Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, and Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Nephrology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
J Ren Nutr. 2024 Jul;34(4):313-320. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.12.006. Epub 2024 Jan 28.
To assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in the immediate (2 months after transplantation) and late post-transplant (14 months after transplantation) periods among kidney transplant patients and to examine its correlation with nutritional quality and body composition.
A cross-sectional analysis of 96 kidney transplant recipients divided into 2 groups: immediate post-transplant (n = 71) and late post-transplant (n = 25). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data were collected and grouped in a database. Food intake was evaluated by a validated food frequency questionnaire and foods were divided according to the NOVA classification system. The consumption of UPFs was calculated and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate its correlation with nutritional components and body composition.
The consumption of UPFs was 649.4 [420.0-1061.72] kcal/day, accounting for 33.3 ± 11.9% of the total daily energy intake. The immediate post-transplant group showed higher total daily energy and UPFs intake compared to the late post-transplant group (P = .002 and P = .046, respectively), although the energy contribution of UPFs was similar between both groups. UPFs intake was positively correlated with higher percentages of total fat, trans fat, saturated, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, starch, and sodium (P < .05 for all analyses). An inverse correlation was observed between UPFs consumption and the percentage of protein and carbohydrates in the food intake (P = .025 and P = .008, respectively). In the immediate post-transplant group, a higher intake of UPFs was correlated with lower muscle mass (r = -0.250, P = .037).
The findings of this study reveal a pattern of increased consumption of UPFs among kidney transplant patients in comparison to the national average. This higher intake of UPFs was correlated with lower nutritional quality during both periods. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between UPFs consumption and adverse body composition parameters, specifically in the immediate post-transplant period.
评估肾移植患者在移植后即刻（移植后 2 个月）和晚期（移植后 14 个月）超加工食品（UPFs）的消费情况，并研究其与营养质量和身体成分的相关性。
对 96 名肾移植受者进行横断面分析，分为即刻移植后组（n=71）和晚期移植后组（n=25）。收集社会人口统计学、人体测量学和实验室数据，并将其分组到数据库中。通过验证过的食物频率问卷评估食物摄入量，并根据 NOVA 分类系统对食物进行分类。计算 UPFs 的消耗量，并进行统计学分析以评估其与营养成分和身体成分的相关性。
UPFs 的消耗量为 649.4[420.0-1061.72]千卡/天，占总日能量摄入的 33.3±11.9%。与晚期移植后组相比，即刻移植后组的总日能量和 UPFs 摄入量更高（P=0.002 和 P=0.046），尽管两组 UPFs 的能量贡献相似。UPFs 的摄入量与总脂肪、反式脂肪、饱和脂肪、单不饱和脂肪、多不饱和脂肪、淀粉和钠的百分比呈正相关（所有分析 P<0.05）。在 UPFs 摄入与食物摄入中蛋白质和碳水化合物的百分比之间观察到负相关（P=0.025 和 P=0.008）。在即刻移植后组中，较高的 UPFs 摄入量与较低的肌肉质量相关（r=-0.250，P=0.037）。
与全国平均水平相比，本研究发现肾移植患者 UPFs 的消费呈上升趋势。在此期间，这种更高的 UPFs 摄入量与营养质量较低有关。此外，在即刻移植后期间，还观察到 UPFs 消费与不良身体成分参数之间存在显著相关性。
