Faculty of Graduate Studies, Oranim Academic College of Education, Tivon, Israel.
The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Glob Health Promot. 2024 Sep;31(3):22-32. doi: 10.1177/17579759231218004. Epub 2024 Jan 31.
This study sought to examine gender differences in emotional reactions and compliance with Ministry of Health (MOH) guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel, with the goal of gaining a deeper understanding of these gender-related variations throughout the lockdown periods. A longitudinal study comprising 2509 participants was conducted during two of Israel's lockdowns: 1424 participants completed a questionnaire during the first lockdown (23 April-5 May 2020); of these, 1085 completed a follow-up questionnaire during the second lockdown (September 30-October 10, 2020). Participants exhibited higher levels of compliance with MOH guidelines (e.g., wearing face masks, maintaining social distancing) and knowledge about COVID-19 during the second lockdown, whereas they exhibited more negative emotional reactions during the first lockdown. Female participants scored higher than male participants on all measures. Multiple regression results showed that about 21% of the variance in compliance with MOH guidelines was explained by lockdown type (i.e., first or second), gender, and age, while knowledge and negative emotional reactions added another 19% to the explained variance. The results suggest that the impact of the pandemic on emotional reactions decreased over time, with people exhibiting greater compliance with MOH guidelines and more knowledge about COVID-19. Moreover, the behavioral and psychological impact of the pandemic was greater on women than on men. The results suggest that healthcare professionals should pay more attention to mental health issues during a pandemic. Moreover, policymakers should focus on women as a vulnerable group and suggest appropriate solutions to reduce their emotional distress. Furthermore, governments and employers should provide greater flexibility and support for single mothers during the pandemic. In addition, gender inequality during lockdowns may place women at greater risk of psychological distress.
本研究旨在探讨 COVID-19 大流行期间以色列男女在情绪反应和遵守卫生部（MOH）指南方面的差异，以期更深入地了解这些与性别相关的变化在封锁期间的情况。在以色列的两次封锁期间进行了一项包含 2509 名参与者的纵向研究：1424 名参与者在第一次封锁期间完成了一份问卷（2020 年 4 月 23 日至 5 月 5 日）；其中 1085 名参与者在第二次封锁期间完成了后续问卷（2020 年 9 月 30 日至 10 月 10 日）。与第一次封锁相比，参与者在第二次封锁期间表现出更高的 MOH 指南遵守度（例如，戴口罩、保持社交距离）和对 COVID-19 的了解，但表现出更多的负面情绪反应。女性参与者在所有测量指标上的得分均高于男性参与者。多元回归结果表明，MOH 指南遵守度的方差约有 21%可以由封锁类型（即第一或第二）、性别和年龄来解释，而知识和负面情绪反应则为解释方差增加了另外 19%。结果表明，随着时间的推移，大流行对情绪反应的影响逐渐减弱，人们表现出更高的 MOH 指南遵守度和对 COVID-19 的更多了解。此外，大流行对女性的行为和心理影响大于男性。结果表明，医疗保健专业人员在大流行期间应更加关注心理健康问题。此外，政策制定者应关注女性作为弱势群体，并提出适当的解决方案来减轻她们的情绪困扰。此外，政府和雇主在大流行期间应为单身母亲提供更大的灵活性和支持。此外，封锁期间的性别不平等可能使女性面临更大的心理困扰风险。
