Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2021 Nov;13(4):968-985. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12284. Epub 2021 May 25.
The effort to limit the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has relied heavily on the general public's compliance with health guidelines limiting social contact and mitigating risk when contact occurs. The aim of this study was to identify latent variables underlying adherence to COVID-19 guidelines and to examine demographic and psychological predictors of adherence. A sample of US adults (N = 1,200) were surveyed in late April to mid-May 2020. The factor structure of adherence was examined using exploratory factor analysis. Machine learning regression models using elastic net regularization were used to examine predictors of adherence. Two factors characterized adherence: avoidance and cleaning. Elastic net models identified differential demographic and psychological predictors of these two forms of adherence. Religious affiliation, denial coping, full-time employment, substance use coping, and being 60 or older predicted lower avoidance adherence. Behavioral and mindfulness emotion regulation skills, agreeableness, and Democrat political affiliation predicted greater avoidance adherence. For cleaning adherence, interpersonal and behavioral emotion regulation skills and conscientiousness emerged as strong predictors of greater cleaning. Efforts to promote compliance with COVID-19 health guidelines may benefit from distinguishing avoidance and cleaning adherence and considering predictors of each of these aspects of adherence.
为了限制冠状病毒（COVID-19）的传播，公众普遍遵守限制社会接触和降低接触风险的健康指南。本研究旨在确定与 COVID-19 指南相关的潜在变量，并检验与坚持这些指南相关的人口统计学和心理学预测因子。2020 年 4 月底至 5 月中旬，对美国成年人（N=1200）进行了调查。采用探索性因子分析检验了坚持的因子结构。使用弹性网络正则化的机器学习回归模型检验了坚持的预测因子。坚持由两个因素决定：回避和清洁。弹性网络模型确定了这两种形式的坚持的不同人口统计学和心理学预测因子。宗教信仰、否认应对、全职工作、物质使用应对和 60 岁或以上预测回避坚持度较低。行为和正念情绪调节技能、宜人性和民主党派政治归属预测回避坚持度更高。对于清洁坚持，人际和行为情绪调节技能和尽责性是更强的清洁坚持预测因子。促进对 COVID-19 健康指南的遵守可能受益于区分回避和清洁坚持，并考虑到这些坚持方面的预测因子。
