State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Food Chem. 2024 Jun 15;443:138517. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138517. Epub 2024 Jan 23.
Leaves and stalks, which account for about 45% and 25% of broccoli biomass, respectively, are usually discarded during broccoli production, leading to the waste of green resources. In this study, the phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of broccoli florets and their by-products (leaves and stalks) were comprehensively analyzed. The metabolomics identified several unique metabolites (e.g., scopoletin, Harpagoside, and sinalbin) in the leaves and stalks compared to florets. Notably, the leaves were found to be a rich source of flavonoids and coumarins, with superior antioxidant capacity. The random forest model and correlation analysis indicated that flavonoids, coumarin, and indole compounds were the important factors contributing to the antioxidant activity. Moreover, the stalks contained higher levels of carbohydrates and exhibited better antioxidant enzyme activity. Together, these results provided valuable data to support the comprehensive utilization of broccoli waste, the development of new products, and the expansion of the broccoli industry chain.
西兰花的叶片和菜茎分别占其生物量的 45%和 25%左右，在西兰花的生产过程中通常会被丢弃，造成绿色资源浪费。本研究全面分析了西兰花嫩枝及其副产物（叶片和菜茎）的植物化学成分和抗氧化能力。代谢组学分析表明，与嫩枝相比，叶片和菜茎中存在一些独特的代谢物（如东莨菪内酯、哈巴俄苷和莱菔硫烷）。值得注意的是，叶片是类黄酮和香豆素的丰富来源，具有优越的抗氧化能力。随机森林模型和相关分析表明，类黄酮、香豆素和吲哚类化合物是影响抗氧化活性的重要因素。此外，菜茎含有更高水平的碳水化合物，且具有更好的抗氧化酶活性。总之，这些结果为支持西兰花废物的综合利用、新产品的开发以及西兰花产业链的扩展提供了有价值的数据。
